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that WMAs are completely overlooked, thus resulting in a reduction of wildlifeconservation.Other sectors also have clear competing interests with the forest sector, for instancethe agricultural sector and the livestock sector. Although the Agricultural andLivestock Policy of 1997 advocates for a coordinated cross-sectoral approach to theconservation of environmental resources, agriculture remains the primary focus fordevelopment for the government under its Kilimo Kwanza 39 initiative as it isconcerned especially with agricultural expansion and modernization in Tanzania.There are also plans within the livestock sector for increased pastoral areas andlivestock keeping (Local resource person 2010). It does not however, seem to be anylimits to the number of livestock one household is allowed to keep, at least not inpractice. As a result, in areas with a high presence of pastoralists where land is setaside for grazing, the size of this land rarely reflects the needs of the high animalcount and many thus take their livestock into village and forest areas, resulting inhighly contested land uses.REDD implementation and the legal framework need to take this into consideration,not only where possible REDD areas already are planned for agricultural expansion orlivestock grazing, but also in a more general sense (Norad 2011).Without proper discussions between these sectors and without compromises beingmade between them there will most likely be conflicts which will hamper the effortsof REDD. In addition, it seems unlikely that the various drivers of deforestation willbe sufficiently tackled without a good working relationship between sectors as forinstance a reduced and more sustainable use of forest resources is highly dependenton a more effective agriculture and the provision of either a more efficient energy useor alternative sources of energy.Given the apparent land use and tenure issues of REDD, policies such as the LandPolicy of 1995 and the Land Act and Village Land Act of 1999 also need to beaddressed. Some good compromises have already been made between the agriculturaland forest sector on the basis of the Village Land Act, but the REDD initiative will39 Means “Agriculture first” in Kiswahili163