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The three main objectives of PFM in Tanzania consists of improving forest quality,improving livelihoods, and improving governance by putting an emphasis onsustainable management through effective and accountable institutions at village anddistrict levels (Blomley, Pliegner et al. 2005). In Tanzania it consists of two majorapproaches – Joint Forest Management (JFM) and Community Based ForestManagement (CBFM). JFM is a form of participatory forest management where bothvillage representatives and government manage the forest together, and it usuallytakes place under already established State Forest Reserves. The state, whether centralor local government, will then for the most parts continue to own the forest but willmanage and share returns with communities living adjacent to the forest (Blomley,Pliegner et al. 2005). CBFM on the other hand is managed solely by villagers, wherethey take full ownership and management responsibility over forests which are withintheir jurisdiction, also known as Village Forest Reserves (VFR) (Massawe 2008). Inaccordance with the Tanzanian Village Land Act of 1999, the forest and village landfirst has to be surveyed and registered and the management responsibilities will fallunder the village council which is elected by the community (Blomley, Pliegner et al.2005). The ways in which this is done is through establishing a land use plan, whichdivides up the village land into different land uses as put forward by the Land UseCommittee Act of 2007.The two decades of experience that Tanzania has had with PFM and communityparticipation in forest management, coupled with much evidence of its effectivenessand success in recovering forest areas, is something which is now being transferredonto Tanzania‟s REDD framework. PFM will then become very fundamental in termsof developing REDD in Tanzania as the idea is to integrate REDD and the aspect ofcarbon storage onto already existing and/or expanding PFM arrangements in thecountry (United Republic of Tanzania 2010).1.2.3 Evolution of REDDWith the adaptation of the Kyoto protocol developed countries were allowed to investin emission reduction projects in developing countries through the CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) as a way to reach their goals of emission reductionswith the help of saleable certified emission credits. The activities that were accepted10