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View/Open - Sokoine University of Agriculture

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2.1.3 Resource regimeThe regime concept is in itself used in many different literatures where a variousdifferent definitions exist. It may be an environmental, transport, or a water regimes atlocal, national and international levels, but typically they all include actors,institutions, resources and technologies (Vatn 2011). Holtz acknowledge for examplethe car as a regime, based on the need to satisfy mobility, where you have thetechnological element <strong>of</strong> the car itself, combined with legal laws/regulations andconsumer preferences that guides its use (Holtz, Brugnach et al. 2008). In theliterature on international agreements an international regime is defined as a set <strong>of</strong>,rules, norms, and decision making procedures that produces some convergence in theactors expectations, thereby coordinating their actions (Chasek, Downie et al. 2006).The current climate regime is such an example where different nations interact with aset operational structure. Since REDD is planned to be part <strong>of</strong> a future post-2012international climate regime, REDD can thus be referred to as an internationalresource regime. Within the field <strong>of</strong> environmental governance and resource regimes,Oran Young has been seen as a core scholar (see Young 1982; Young 2002; Young2008) where his fit-interplay-scale triadic is presented as a set <strong>of</strong> analytical themes forenvironmental regimes. This can be applied to REDD where the problem <strong>of</strong> fit isreferred to as “the matter <strong>of</strong> match or congruency between biophysical andgovernment systems”, interplay is when “discrete regimes can interact with oneanother and that such interactions become more common and significant as thenumber <strong>of</strong> discrete governance systems grows”, and scale is “the extent to whichinstitutional arrangements are similar and exhibit comparable processes across levels<strong>of</strong> social organizations ranging from the local to the global” (Young 2008, p.26).We will refer to the concept <strong>of</strong> resource regime as explained by the institutionalstructures governing the use <strong>of</strong> resources. Due to this, we choose to emphasize theinstitutional context that is created by actors to coordinate and regulate actions whenlooking at resource regimes. Bromley‟s definition reflect this where “a resourceregime is a structure <strong>of</strong> rights and duties characterizing the relationship <strong>of</strong>individuals to one another with respect to that particular resource” (Bromley andCernea 1989, p.5). With this assumption, it is especially important to remember twothings; that there are rules governing access to the resource, and there are duties orrules concerning the relationship and interaction between individuals (Vatn, 2011).24

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