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3.4.1 Calculation of incomesAccording to Vedeld et al. (2004) three different income measures are applied interms of measuring resource values and environmental income: gross value, valueadded and rent. Value added equals gross value minus costs of capital consumptionand inputs. If also labour costs and normal profit are subtracted, it yields the rent(Vedeld, Angelsen et al. 2004).In all our income calculations, cost of own labour was not taken into account becauseof the difficulties associated with this, e.g. huge variations in labour prices. Costs ofintermediate inputs and capital costs were also not included. All total incomesreported therefore equals the sum of cash and subsistence annual household incomes,and can thus in reality be seen as gross income.Agricultural incomes; estimates the sum of both crop income and livestock income.When calculating the crop incomes, the market price of the crops grown by thehouseholds were used and multiplied with the actual yield for each household. On topof this, livestock income was added, and was calculated in terms of total livestockmultiplied with the price of each livestock. Under livestock income, the produce werealso added in the form of milk and eggs (multiplied with market prices).Environmental income: included forest income from firewood, NTFPs, poles andtimber and charcoal, both for subsistence and cash.Non-farm incomes; this includes earnings from permanent employment at both smalland large scalesOff-farm incomes: entails the value of earnings through income from employment onother households‟ lands, and are here considered asRemittance: This is the value of income from cash transfers between households.3.4.2 Statistical testsIn all statistical test we have used a p = 0,05 when measuring level of significance.Several tests on income were carried out; including Chi-square for which wereapplied to test of independence between two variables. Through the use of inearmodels and ANOVA and linear models, Multiple regressions were done. MultipleRegressions model is used to estimate the statistic relationship between the dependent64