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A21. Does any member of your household belong to the following groups?No Groups Member 1) Function in the group 2)1 Farm groups2 Village committee3 Local NGOs4 Traditional council5 Local political group6 Religious group7 Credit union8. Savings groupA22. Has the household‟s income over the past 12 months been sufficient to coverwhat you consider to be the needs of your household?A23. How well-off is your household compared to other households in thevillage/communityA24. How well-off is your household today compared to the situation 5 years ago?A25. Has your household faced any major income shortfalls or unexpectedly largeexpenditures during the past 12 months?A25a. If „yes‟, please complete the tableNo Serious event Howsevere 1) ?1Serious crop failure2 Death/serious illness infamily (productive agegroup/adult)3Loss of land4 Major livestock loss(drought, disease, etc.)5 Loss of wagedemployment6Climate/drought/floods7 Price changes on productsand consumer goods8 Protected areaestablishmentHow did you cope with the income loss or costs?Please indicate the most important strategySECTION B: Resource use, income and constraintsThe main aim of this section is to map out the livelihood activities and strategies ofthe household in the pilot areas. The household‟s use of land resources includes bothforests and agriculture. We will also map livelihood outcomes, constraints and majorchanges in the use of land resources over time. This data will form the basis forix
assessing the local livelihood outcomes and offer information for the opportunity costanalysis of forest land in the different pilot areas.I. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION FOR THE PAST 12 MONTHSB1. List the most important crops that your household has produced, consumed and/orsold the last 12 months.No Crop type 1) Area (ha) Labour 2) Total output (kg) 3) Sold (kg) 3)12345678B2. Do you have any problem(s) that limit your agricultural production?B2a. If „yes‟, what do you consider to be the most important problem limiting youragriculturalproduction?_______________________________________________________B3. If you were to expand your agricultural production, how dependent would you beon clearing forests?1. Not dependentat all2. A bitdependent3. Quitedependent4. VerydependentB4. Is it easier to get new land for agriculture today than five years ago?1. By inheritance 2. By buying 3. By renting 4. By clearing forestB4a. If you have marked „more difficult‟ (3) in any of the above categories, why is itso? Please state the most important reason:___________________________________________________________________________B5. Have you had any conflicts over access to land for agriculture in the last fiveyears?B5a. If „yes‟, how would you describe the seriousness of these conflicts?1 Very low 2 Low 3 Intermediate 4 High 5 Very highx
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(NOT) A REDD LIGHT DISTRICT?REDD po
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DECLARATIONWe, Cecilie Dyngeland an
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AbstractThis study focuses on the g
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Table of ContentsCHAPTER ONE - INTR
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7.5.4 OFF-FARM INCOME 2027.5.5 REMI
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List of TablesTable 1: Land use dis
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List of Abbreviations and AcronymsC
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION1.1 Intro
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As a result of the ongoing REDD rea
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Brachystegia, Julbernardia and Isob
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livestock populations increase in T
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een trying to deal with the issue,
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under the CDM were afforestation an
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REDD+ “readiness” funding provi
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with the other FCPF countries (Unit
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Due to both limitations of time and
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4 How do they interact with local g
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the actors; (6) Outcomes and evalua
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influence the characteristics of th
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There are many examples of rules th
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for collective decision-making; bal
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2.1.5. Interactions between actors/
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2.2. Description of the Sustainable
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different income sources at a point
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Although income and livelihood are
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(4) Size of household: The size of
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a set of definitions to explain the
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country needs a robust forest monit
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may be equally important in determi
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transparency and the extra difficul
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access to motorized forest tools, s
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have the de jure right to restrict
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dwellers in the REDD process, in ma
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She argues that participation has b
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2.3.7.2 Model of individualsIn disc
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location, such as a community or or
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External validity, on the other han
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3.3.3 Semi-structured and structure
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Through survey research we needed t
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variables (Ys) and the explanatory
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All these components we felt clearl
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(Bryman 2008, p.118.), we followed
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Figure 5: Map over Kilosa DistrictL
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densely populated one with its 2622
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Figure 6: Agricultural production z
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establishment of more sisal estates
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are located, the total loss of fore
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communities such as the Maasai, Bar
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To sum up, Kilosa District can be c
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5.1 Priority of environmental manag
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established with the enactment of E
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esources and the environment, and t
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national forest reserves, i.e. both
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degradation (REDD)” is found, as
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The Forest Act thus sets the framew
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5.4 Tanzania local structure for en
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the 1970s and 1980s. Firstly, as pa
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5.4.3 District, Ward and Village Go
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Office and Regional Administration
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make sure the general population fo
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forest management activities by pla
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to the office within this period, w
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CHAPTER SIX - REDD IN TANZANIAIn th
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Analytical phaseEstablishing goals,
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Drivers 32 . Each working group is
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Table 8: Stakeholders involved in t
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esponsibilities with NEMC, which al
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cooperation with various academic i
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FORCONSULT‟s (2010) in-depth stud
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institutions (with the election of
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$500 million and lost governmental
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National FrameworkConsultationsNati
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Table 10: Zonal consultation proces
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together including government depar
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Modalities ofEstablishing andOperat
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Table 12: NGO REDD pilot projectsNG
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money, NGO‟s will adopt to the do
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REDD+ and provides them with perfor
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In the second phase, the consultati
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Figure 14: Proposed public structur
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countries can participate according
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the state administration, and budge
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Table 6.6 REDD in relation to exist
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6.3 Major challenges for an effecti
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view to be a precondition for a gra
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6.3.1.3 Coordination of activities
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coordination system among key stake
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6.3.2 Institutions governing the po
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that WMAs are completely overlooked
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6.3.2.2 Good Governance and Institu
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should have to adhere to the same s
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though, as some feel there has been
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CHAPTER SEVEN - LOCAL LIVELIHOODS A
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meaning that where households lived
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1 %28 %No formaleductaionPrimary71
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From Table 15 we can see that it is
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7.1.3 Physical capitalIn general, a
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The majority of people carried thei
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By looking at the three different v
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When compared to location, we see t
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The types of crops produced seemed
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primarily for consumption and only
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Lastly, it appeared that the lack o
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7.2.4 Off-farm activitiesIn the stu
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Table 35: Annual income sources by
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and Masugu were quite close to one
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political and social conditions wit
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Total household incomewere engaged
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not being able to tend to own incom
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livelihood strategies into two over
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In terms of income groups, less poo
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shocks and deforestation. Neverthel
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turning to other income sources as
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legal system within the district st
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egulations in place to deal with th
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In this chapter we have gone throug
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outline the project as a whole with
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Through the Rubeho Environmental Ac
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organizations and research agencies
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Key design issues for the issues fo
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al. 2011). A team of 5 permanent st
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this forest protection, however, va
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On this note, another main reason f
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As a final factor to take into cons
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less are also highly dependent on f
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Table 54: The authority viewed as b
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8.2.2.3 Stage two: Assessment and m
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have made for the forest 48 . Final
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When asked about the first option
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8.3. Existing RegimesAs emphasised,
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From the table above there are seve
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REDD+ will succeed in the other are
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project, both in terms of permanenc
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example given previously about anot
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The full participation of district
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mismanagement there would be. It wa
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Page 281 and 282: However, some issues still prevail
Page 283 and 284: wonder how these experts would valu
Page 285 and 286: As the basis of which carbon paymen
Page 287 and 288: ecome explicit and can increase con
Page 289 and 290: It is also highly obvious that deal
Page 291 and 292: However, it is a concern as in some
Page 293 and 294: and sell forest products such as ch
Page 295 and 296: if Masugu seems to face most challe
Page 297 and 298: On the basis of the information we
Page 299 and 300: In terms of Efficiency there are al
Page 301 and 302: In addition we found that further n
Page 303 and 304: the case for the poorest people in
Page 305 and 306: 9.2 RecommendationsWhen analyzing t
Page 307 and 308: ReferencesAbdallah, J. M. and G. G.
Page 309 and 310: Bryman, A. (2008). Social research
Page 311 and 312: Forconsult (2010). Modalities of es
Page 313 and 314: Kooiman, J. (1993). Modern governan
Page 315 and 316: Nathan, I., J. F. Lund, et al. (200
Page 317 and 318: Shishira, E. K., P. Z. Yanda, et al
Page 319 and 320: United Republic of Tanzania (2009).
Page 321 and 322: World Bank (2009). Tanzania: countr
Page 324: iii
Page 328 and 329: LANDA10. Please indicate the size o
Page 332 and 333: HC1. Do you practice fire on your l
Page 334 and 335: B12. How would you rate your access
Page 336 and 337: (NB: READ THE MANUAL ON INCOME CARE
Page 338 and 339: II.STATE FORESTS (FORESTS UNDER STA
Page 340 and 341: IIb. STATE FORESTS (JOINT FOREST MA
Page 342 and 343: C24. Do you have any influence on t
Page 344 and 345: C34. Do you face any difficulties i
Page 346 and 347: 1Very bad 2 Bad 3 Fair 4 Good 5 Ver
Page 348 and 349: SECTION D: Perceptions, attitudes a
Page 350 and 351: ___________________________________
Page 352 and 353: 1 The compensation will make me equ
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