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unsustainable forest use, thus making it more difficult to cover the opportunity costsand to create overall acceptance of the project. It can also pose a big problem in termsof elite capture, where their ability to involve in the most profitable incomegenerating activities also can be a result of REDD, leaving little compensation left forthe remaining community. The least poor also are more involved in the communitiesand in general seem to have closer links to the Village Governments. In addition, thepoorest often have enough with covering their day to day needs and are not asinvolved in community activities. This can be an issue in REDD as well, where thelack of involvement further reduces their chance of receiving their due compensation.Given the fact that overall the poorest members in our study area had the least landbut in turn were the most dependent on agriculture as a source of income, agriculturalimprovements and alternatively additional land could be highly beneficial for thisgroup.276
On the basis of the information we have gathered we have been able to create apicture of how REDD in the pilot projects will work as a new resource regime. Byemploying the Resource Regime Framework created by Vatn (2011) the regime as wesee it is presented below.Bad roads: LunenziFar to market: Lunenziand NyaliGood roads/marketaccess: MasuguMiombo WoodlandsGood quality LunenziBad quality MasuguDNRO and TFCG for conservationAgriculture/livestock for expansionTraders/political people forfinancial gainsPeasants, Charcoal/timberproducers, PastoralistsLand usecompititionOutcomes:Reducedemissions?Improvedlivelihoods?DNRO and TFCGVNRC and VillageGovernmentMRV and FinancialmechanismVillage Forest ReservesVillage-bylaws Based on VillageLand Act, Forest Actand LGAFigure 25: REDD as a Resource Regime in Kilosa DistrictAdopted from: Source: (Vatn 2011)277
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(NOT) A REDD LIGHT DISTRICT?REDD po
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DECLARATIONWe, Cecilie Dyngeland an
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AbstractThis study focuses on the g
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Table of ContentsCHAPTER ONE - INTR
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7.5.4 OFF-FARM INCOME 2027.5.5 REMI
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List of TablesTable 1: Land use dis
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List of Abbreviations and AcronymsC
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CHAPTER ONE - INTRODUCTION1.1 Intro
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As a result of the ongoing REDD rea
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Brachystegia, Julbernardia and Isob
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livestock populations increase in T
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een trying to deal with the issue,
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under the CDM were afforestation an
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REDD+ “readiness” funding provi
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with the other FCPF countries (Unit
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Due to both limitations of time and
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4 How do they interact with local g
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the actors; (6) Outcomes and evalua
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influence the characteristics of th
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There are many examples of rules th
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for collective decision-making; bal
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2.1.5. Interactions between actors/
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2.2. Description of the Sustainable
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different income sources at a point
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Although income and livelihood are
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(4) Size of household: The size of
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a set of definitions to explain the
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country needs a robust forest monit
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may be equally important in determi
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transparency and the extra difficul
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access to motorized forest tools, s
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have the de jure right to restrict
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dwellers in the REDD process, in ma
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She argues that participation has b
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2.3.7.2 Model of individualsIn disc
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location, such as a community or or
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External validity, on the other han
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3.3.3 Semi-structured and structure
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Through survey research we needed t
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variables (Ys) and the explanatory
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All these components we felt clearl
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(Bryman 2008, p.118.), we followed
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Figure 5: Map over Kilosa DistrictL
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densely populated one with its 2622
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Figure 6: Agricultural production z
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establishment of more sisal estates
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are located, the total loss of fore
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communities such as the Maasai, Bar
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To sum up, Kilosa District can be c
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5.1 Priority of environmental manag
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established with the enactment of E
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esources and the environment, and t
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national forest reserves, i.e. both
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degradation (REDD)” is found, as
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The Forest Act thus sets the framew
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5.4 Tanzania local structure for en
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the 1970s and 1980s. Firstly, as pa
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5.4.3 District, Ward and Village Go
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Office and Regional Administration
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make sure the general population fo
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forest management activities by pla
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to the office within this period, w
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CHAPTER SIX - REDD IN TANZANIAIn th
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Analytical phaseEstablishing goals,
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Drivers 32 . Each working group is
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Table 8: Stakeholders involved in t
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esponsibilities with NEMC, which al
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cooperation with various academic i
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FORCONSULT‟s (2010) in-depth stud
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institutions (with the election of
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$500 million and lost governmental
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National FrameworkConsultationsNati
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Table 10: Zonal consultation proces
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together including government depar
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Modalities ofEstablishing andOperat
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Table 12: NGO REDD pilot projectsNG
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money, NGO‟s will adopt to the do
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REDD+ and provides them with perfor
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In the second phase, the consultati
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Figure 14: Proposed public structur
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countries can participate according
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the state administration, and budge
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Table 6.6 REDD in relation to exist
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6.3 Major challenges for an effecti
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view to be a precondition for a gra
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6.3.1.3 Coordination of activities
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coordination system among key stake
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6.3.2 Institutions governing the po
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that WMAs are completely overlooked
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6.3.2.2 Good Governance and Institu
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should have to adhere to the same s
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though, as some feel there has been
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CHAPTER SEVEN - LOCAL LIVELIHOODS A
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meaning that where households lived
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1 %28 %No formaleductaionPrimary71
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From Table 15 we can see that it is
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7.1.3 Physical capitalIn general, a
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The majority of people carried thei
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By looking at the three different v
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When compared to location, we see t
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The types of crops produced seemed
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primarily for consumption and only
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Lastly, it appeared that the lack o
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7.2.4 Off-farm activitiesIn the stu
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Table 35: Annual income sources by
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and Masugu were quite close to one
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political and social conditions wit
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Total household incomewere engaged
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not being able to tend to own incom
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livelihood strategies into two over
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In terms of income groups, less poo
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shocks and deforestation. Neverthel
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turning to other income sources as
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legal system within the district st
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egulations in place to deal with th
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In this chapter we have gone throug
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outline the project as a whole with
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Through the Rubeho Environmental Ac
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organizations and research agencies
Page 245 and 246: Key design issues for the issues fo
Page 247 and 248: al. 2011). A team of 5 permanent st
Page 249 and 250: this forest protection, however, va
Page 251 and 252: On this note, another main reason f
Page 253 and 254: As a final factor to take into cons
Page 255 and 256: less are also highly dependent on f
Page 257 and 258: Table 54: The authority viewed as b
Page 259 and 260: 8.2.2.3 Stage two: Assessment and m
Page 261 and 262: have made for the forest 48 . Final
Page 263 and 264: When asked about the first option
Page 265 and 266: 8.3. Existing RegimesAs emphasised,
Page 267 and 268: From the table above there are seve
Page 269 and 270: REDD+ will succeed in the other are
Page 271 and 272: project, both in terms of permanenc
Page 273 and 274: example given previously about anot
Page 275 and 276: The full participation of district
Page 277 and 278: mismanagement there would be. It wa
Page 279 and 280: suffering the most from such a proj
Page 281 and 282: However, some issues still prevail
Page 283 and 284: wonder how these experts would valu
Page 285 and 286: As the basis of which carbon paymen
Page 287 and 288: ecome explicit and can increase con
Page 289 and 290: It is also highly obvious that deal
Page 291 and 292: However, it is a concern as in some
Page 293 and 294: and sell forest products such as ch
Page 295: if Masugu seems to face most challe
Page 299 and 300: In terms of Efficiency there are al
Page 301 and 302: In addition we found that further n
Page 303 and 304: the case for the poorest people in
Page 305 and 306: 9.2 RecommendationsWhen analyzing t
Page 307 and 308: ReferencesAbdallah, J. M. and G. G.
Page 309 and 310: Bryman, A. (2008). Social research
Page 311 and 312: Forconsult (2010). Modalities of es
Page 313 and 314: Kooiman, J. (1993). Modern governan
Page 315 and 316: Nathan, I., J. F. Lund, et al. (200
Page 317 and 318: Shishira, E. K., P. Z. Yanda, et al
Page 319 and 320: United Republic of Tanzania (2009).
Page 321 and 322: World Bank (2009). Tanzania: countr
Page 324: iii
Page 328 and 329: LANDA10. Please indicate the size o
Page 330 and 331: A21. Does any member of your househ
Page 332 and 333: HC1. Do you practice fire on your l
Page 334 and 335: B12. How would you rate your access
Page 336 and 337: (NB: READ THE MANUAL ON INCOME CARE
Page 338 and 339: II.STATE FORESTS (FORESTS UNDER STA
Page 340 and 341: IIb. STATE FORESTS (JOINT FOREST MA
Page 342 and 343: C24. Do you have any influence on t
Page 344 and 345: C34. Do you face any difficulties i
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1Very bad 2 Bad 3 Fair 4 Good 5 Ver
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SECTION D: Perceptions, attitudes a
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___________________________________
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1 The compensation will make me equ
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