strategic-management

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A Comprehensive Strategy-Formulation Framework 176 The Input Stage 177 The Matching Stage 177 The Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SMOT) Matrix 178 & The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix 181 & The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix 185 & The Internal-External (IE) Matrix 188 & The Grand Strategy Matrix 191 The Decision Stage 192 The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) 192 & Positive Features and Limitations of the QSPM 195 Cultural Aspects of Strategy Choice 196 The Politics of Strategy Choice 196 Governance Issues 198 ASSURANCE OF LEARNING EXERCISES 205 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6A: Developing a SWOT Matrix for McDonald’s 205 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6B: Developing a SPACE Matrix for McDonald’s 205 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6C: Developing a BCG Matrix for McDonald’s 205 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6D: Developing a QSPM for McDonald’s 206 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6E: Formulating Individual Strategies 206 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6F: The Mach Test 206 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6G: Developing a BCG Matrix for My University 208 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6H: The Role of Boards of Directors 208 Assurance of Learning Exercise 6I: Locating Companies in a Grand Strategy Matrix 209 Part 3 Strategy Implementation 210 Chapter 7 Implementing Strategies: Management and Operations Issues 210 GOOGLE: DOING GREAT IN A WEAK ECONOMY. HOW? 212 The Nature of Strategy Implementation 213 Management Perspectives 214 Annual Objectives 215 Policies 217 Resource Allocation 219 Managing Conflict 220 Matching Structure with Strategy 220 The Functional Structure 222 & The Divisional Structure 222 & The Strategic Business Unit (SBU) Structure 225 & The Matrix Structure 226 & Some Do’s and Don’ts in Developing Organizational Charts 228 Restructuring, Reengineering, and E-Engineering 229 Restructuring 230 & Reengineering 231 Linking Performance and Pay to Strategies 231 Managing Resistance to Change 234 Creating a Strategy-Supportive Culture 235 Production/Operations Concerns When Implementing Strategies 236 Human Resource Concerns When Implementing Strategies 237 Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) 239 & Balancing Work Life and Home Life 240 & Benefits of a Diverse Workforce 242 & Corporate Wellness Programs 242 ASSURANCE OF LEARNING EXERCISES 248 Assurance of Learning Exercise 7A: Revising McDonald’s Organizational Chart 248 Assurance of Learning Exercise 7B: Do Organizations Really Establish Objectives? 248 Assurance of Learning Exercise 7C: Understanding My University’s Culture 249 Chapter 8 Implementing Strategies: Marketing, Finance/Accounting, R&D, and MIS Issues 250 The Nature of Strategy Implementation 252 JOHNSON & JOHNSON (J&J): DOING GREAT IN A WEAK ECONOMY. HOW? 252 Current Marketing Issues 253 New Principles of Marketing 254 & Advertising Media 256 & Purpose-Based Marketing 257 Market Segmentation 257 CONTENTS xi Does the Internet Make Market Segmentation Easier? 259 Product Positioning 260 Finance/Accounting Issues 261 Acquiring Capital to Implement Strategies 262 New Source of Funding 266 & Projected Financial Statements 266 & Projected Financial Statement for Mattel, Inc. 268 & Financial Budgets 271 & Evaluating the Worth of a Business 273 & Deciding Whether to Go Public 275 Research and Development (R&D) Issues 275 Management Information Systems (MIS) Issues 277 ASSURANCE OF LEARNING EXERCISES 282 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8A: Developing a Product- Positioning Map for McDonald’s 282 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8B: Performing an EPS/EBIT Analysis for McDonald’s 282 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8C: Preparing Projected Financial Statements for McDonald’s 282 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8D: Determining the Cash Value of McDonald’s 283 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8E: Developing a Product- Positioning Map for My University 283 Assurance of Learning Exercise 8F: Do Banks Require Projected Financial Statements? 283
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Page 22: x CONTENTS Industry Analysis: The E
Page 28: STEPS IN PRESENTING AN ORAL CASE AN
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Page 36: Preface Why the Need for This New E
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Page 48: Acknowledgments Many persons have c
Page 52: Finally, I want to welcome and invi
Page 56: About the Author Dr. Fred R. David
Page 60: Case Information Matrix (continued)
Page 64: Case Description Matrix (continued)
Page 68: Strategic Management CONCEPTS
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McDonald’s in 2009 spent $2.1 bil
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Strategy implementation often is ca
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E-commerce and globalization are ex
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BBDO, Cadbury Schweppes, General Mo
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Internal factors can be determined
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FIGURE 1-1 A Comprehensive Strategi
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enefit of a firm engaging in strate
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• Content with success—Particul
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always affect strategy-formulation
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excerpts from The Art of War. As yo
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Notes 1. Kathy Kiely, “Officials
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THE COHESION CASE McDonald’s Corp
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Internal Issues Organizational Stru
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EXHIBIT 5 McDonald’s Consolidated
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EXHIBIT 7 McDonald’s Corporation
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Wendy’s (WEN) Founded in 1969, ba
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CHAPTER 1 • THE NATURE OF STRATEG
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CHAPTER 1 • THE NATURE OF STRATEG
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Wal-Mart Stores is bigger than Euro
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formulation, implementation, and ev
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the boat. The ancient Greeks knew t
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Good mission statements identify th
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Writing and Evaluating Mission Stat
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3. Fred David, “How Companies Def
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Instructions Step 1 Refer back to p
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The Nature of an External Audit The
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Once information is gathered, it sh
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as much when the value of the dolla
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United States in 2000. Americans ag
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TABLE 3-6 Some Political, Governmen
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Competitive Forces The top U.S. com
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A recent article in the Wall Street
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TABLE 3-10 Intensity of Competition
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aw materials, possession of patents
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A sense of the future permeates all
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total weighted score is 1.0. The av
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A major responsibility of strategis
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11. M. J. Chen, “Competitor Analy
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Assurance of Learning Exercise 3C D
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the state of Washington, where it h
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Performing an internal audit requir
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The RBV has continued to grow in po
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An organization’s culture should
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The organizing function of manageme
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should examine various methods, suc
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goods companies. Test marketing can
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TABLE 4-5 Excellent Web Sites to Ob
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FIGURE 4-3 A Financial Ratio Trend
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TABLE 4-6 A Summary of Key Financia
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FIGURE 4-6 A Before and After Break
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TABLE 4-8 Implications of Various S
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TABLE 4-9 R&D Spending at Ten Sampl
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esults are printed. Individuals can
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FIGURE 4-7 An Example Value Chain f
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CHAPTER 4 • THE INTERNAL ASSESSME
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6. If you and a partner were going
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Noble, Charles H., and Rajiv K. Sin
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Instructions Step 1 Join with two o
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includes such models such as Passat
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ottom-line performance are especial
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TABLE 5-4 Alternative Strategies De
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Integration Strategies Forward inte
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• When the advantages of stable p
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These five guidelines indicate when
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investment. Pursuing unrelated dive
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The largest U.S. chemical company b
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TABLE 5-6 Recent Divestitures Paren
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These three guidelines indicate whe
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leadership strategy successfully, a
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a focus strategy may concentrate on
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to minimize risk. Joint ventures an
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Cross-border merger and acquisition
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First Mover Advantages First mover
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Medical Organizations The $200 bill
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De-integration (p. 140) Differentia
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37. Robert Davis, “Net Empowering
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Instructions Step 1 Go to your coll
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Source: Shutterstock “Notable Quo
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On June 9, 2009, Apple did however
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FIGURE 6-2 The Strategy-Formulation
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Rival firms that copy ideas, innova
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environment may not be revealed in
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FIGURE 6-5 Example Strategy Profile
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The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) M
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Cows were yesterday’s Stars. Cash
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FIGURE 6-9 The Internal-External (I
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develop both geographic and product
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TABLE 6-6 The Quantitative Strategi
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4 = highly attractive. By attractiv
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strategy issues that face an enterp
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example, boards could require CEOs
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gic decisions, but they should neve
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38. Rank BusinessWeek’s “princi
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ASSURANCE OF LEARNING EXERCISES Ass
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CHAPTER 6 • STRATEGY ANALYSIS AND
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• How has the role of the board c
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operating policy encourages all emp
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CHAPTER 7 • IMPLEMENTING STRATEGI
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FIGURE 7-6 Typical Top Managers of
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Kaplan, Robert S., and David P. Nor
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Assurance of Learning Exercise 7C U
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FIGURE 8-2 CHAPTER 8 • IMPLEMENTI
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FIGURE 8-3 40.0 36.0 32.0 28.0 24.0
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Current Readings CHAPTER 8 • IMPL
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TABLE 9-2 Examples of Organizationa
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TABLE 9-3 A Strategy-Evaluation Ass
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CHAPTER 9 • STRATEGY REVIEW, EVAL
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Published Sources of Strategy-Evalu
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Contingency Planning CHAPTER 9 •
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12. American Accounting Association
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Source: Ivan Cholakov Gostock “No
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CHAPTER 10 • BUSINESS ETHICS/SOCI
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Conclusion Key Terms and Concepts B
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FIGURE 11-1 A Comprehensive Strateg
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8. A firm’s power and prestige in
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A Weak Economy A weak economy still
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dramatically across cultures. For e
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5. Executives in India are used to
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Issues for Review and Discussion 1.
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CHAPTER 11 • GLOBAL/INTERNATIONAL
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“Notable Quotes” "Two heads are
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The Need for Specificity Do not mak
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The Comprehensive Written Analysis
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Answering Questions It is best to f
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25. Let someone else read and criti
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Oral Presentation—Step 4 External
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INDEX NAME A Abetti, Pier, 281 Acoh
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Martin, Karla L., 305 Mason, Charlo
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SUBJECT A Accounting (see Finance/A
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Advantages and disadvantages, 332 I
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Sustained competitive advantage, 9
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Strategic Management CASES
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1 Walt Disney Company — 2009 Mern
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EXHIBIT 2 Consolidated Income State
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EXHIBIT 4 Revenue and Operating Inc
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EXHIBIT 7 Disney’s Domestic Broad
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The company also has been hosting V
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television production, and syndicat
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investment is required in such prod
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insurance costs were equally challe
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EXHIBIT 2 Merryland Amusement Park
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The Screamer was one of the first c
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Altria’s specific funding conditi
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CASE 2 • MERRYLAND AMUSEMENT PARK
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EXHIBIT 7 Kansas Employment Summary
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Much of JetBlue’s business model
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CASE 3 • JETBLUE AIRWAYS CORPORAT
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EXHIBIT 4 JetBlue Corporation: Cons
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EXHIBIT 6 Airline Bookings 2008 Boo
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EXHIBIT 9 Direct Competitor Compari
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4 AirTran Airways, Inc. — 2009 Ch
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EXHIBIT 1 AirTran’s Leadership Te
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EXHIBIT 2 Airline Quality Rating Ra
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EXHIBIT 5 AirTran’s Selected Fina
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EXHIBIT 7 Income Statement (all num
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EXHIBIT 10 AirTran’s Top Domestic
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“AirTran Airways Launches Buy-On-
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Divisions of the Company For FY2008
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EXHIBIT 3 The Three Largest Small-B
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EXHIBIT 5 Family Dollar, by State a
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EXHIBIT 6 Family Dollar’s Consoli
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6 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. — 2009 Am
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EXHIBIT 2 Consolidated Balance Shee
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EXHIBIT 3 End-of-Year Store Count W
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EXHIBIT 4 Wal-Mart’s Organization
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Sam’s Clubs Sam’s Clubs are mem
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everyday. With this technology, Wal
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Action (EEO/AA) employer, but it ha
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7 Whole Foods Market, Inc. — 2009
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product sales accounted for approxi
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grocery store sector of retail was,
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EXHIBIT 1 Whole Foods Market, Inc.,
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EXHIBIT 4 Whole Foods Properties (a
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8 Macy’s, Inc. — 2009 Rochelle
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EXHIBIT 1 Macy’s Divisional Organ
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Macy’s recently launched a series
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(10,860) and 12,000 more than J.C.
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9 Yahoo! Inc. — 2009 Hamid Kazero
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EXHIBIT 1 Consolidated Statements o
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EXHIBIT 3 Yahoo! Revenues by Groups
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EXHIBIT 7 Yahoo! versus Google Comp
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10 eBay Inc. — 2009 Lori Radulovi
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By 2009, eBay has attained customiz
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Bill Me Later, acquired by eBay Inc
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to gains sales by referring custome
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EXHIBIT 3 eBay Consolidated Income
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EXHIBIT 6 eBay Supplemental Operati
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11 Wells Fargo Corporation — 2009
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EXHIBIT 2 Wells Fargo/Wachovia U.S.
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EXHIBIT 3 Wells Fargo’s Income St
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EXHIBIT 5 Wells Fargo—Business Se
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EXHIBIT 7 Wells Fargo versus Rivals
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high-quality southern-style doughnu
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contain a doughnut-making productio
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Mission and Vision The current comp
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All stores are required to have a s
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13 Starbucks Corporation — 2009 S
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Our Coffee It has always been, and
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EXHIBIT 3 Starbucks’ Balance Shee
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EXHIBIT 4 Segment Financial Data Se
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Conclusion Starbucks continues to b
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EXHIBIT 1 USPS Summary Financial Da
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EXHIBIT 2 USPS Operating Expenses (
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CASE 14 • THE UNITED STATES POSTA
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EXHIBIT 10 USPS Vehicle Inventory (
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EXHIBIT 13 USPS Operating Statistic
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EXHIBIT 13 USPS Operating Statistic
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EXHIBIT 1 Amtrak Route Map SEATTLE
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CASE 15 • NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSE
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CASE 16 • GOODWILL OF SAN FRANCIS
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EXHIBIT 6 Goodwill Revenue Growth R
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wooden shed with the words “Harle
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notes, due in 2014. The money will
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84 percent, 80 percent, and 79 perc
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EXHIBIT 4 Income Statements (2006-2
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net income were down 2.3 percent an
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EXHIBIT 1 Ford Motor Company Corpor
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Motorcraft Ford purchased Electric
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carrying over $1 billion in goodwil
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In late 2009, Ford added shifts at
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the largest food company in the Uni
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way of creating some interactivity
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At year-end 2009, the company had s
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Prior to 2006, ConAgra was a holdin
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process, and Hershey extensively re
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EXHIBIT 2 The Hershey Company Conso
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acquisitions and joint ventures wit
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Cadbury Cadbury, formerly known as
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21 Johnson & Johnson — 2009 Shary
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EXHIBIT 2 J&J’s Mission Statement
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EXHIBIT 4 J&J Facilities Pharmaceut
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EXHIBIT 5 Large Competitors to J&J
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Even the largest pharmaceutical com
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EXHIBIT 8 J&J Balance Sheets 2006-2
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James Preston, the CEO of Avon, fou
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In their new promotions, the Avon l
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EXHIBIT 5 Avon’s Balance Sheets (
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EXHIBIT 7 Avon’s Executive Team A
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ut he also proved he knew how to ma
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Internal Factors Business Structure
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EXHIBIT 3 Molson Coors Consolidated
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The market for the target customer
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Another factor has been the current
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cost about $14 a case, or $5 less t
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Bradham followed the example of Coc
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EXHIBIT 2 PepsiCo 2008 Income State
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EXHIBIT 6 World Demand for the Nona
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EXHIBIT 7 World Chip Market In mill
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Coca-Cola will continue to concentr
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25 Pfizer, Inc. — 2009 Vijaya Nar
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EXHIBIT 1 Revenues by Key Products
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Pfizer’s consolidated Balance She
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EXHIBIT 7 Overview of Direct Compet
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number should reach $265 billion in
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EXHIBIT 1 Merck’s Recent Acquisit
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EXHIBIT 3 Merck’s Sales by Produc
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Industry Issues, Facts, and Figures
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prescriptions. Because the price of
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27 Nike, Inc. — 2010 1 Randy Harr
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The company has set a strategic goa
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EXHIBIT 5 Nike’s Income Before Ta
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Nike Customers and Price Points Bec
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Competition Competition in the athl
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eliminate quotas and tariff barrier
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The company acquired FrogTrader to
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CASE 28 • CALLAWAY GOLF COMPANY
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Pacific PTY Ltd., Callaway Golf (Sh
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3.5 percent for the first quarter o
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public and private golf clubs are e
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Standard Oil and created Standard o
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EXHIBIT 3 Statement of Income (mill
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Marketing Marketing in an energy co
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company in the world in 2007. The 2
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