Becoming America - An Exploration of American Literature from Precolonial to Post-Revolution, 2018a

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BECOMING AMERICA REVOLUTIONARY AND EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD LITERATURE Image 3.2 | Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Author | Jonathan Edwards Source | Wikimedia Commons License | Public Domain Puritan faith in America thus gave way to more liberal and diering denominations and even deism. Edwards himself tried to tamp down these shifts with such works as A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737), a work seeking to balance emotionalism and mindfulness, and his A Treatise Concerning Religious Aections (1746), a work that distinguished genuine from false religious experiences. In 1741, Edwards gave the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, a sermon emphasizing human depravity and God’s unfathomable mercy. It uses natural and observable details and terrifying images to give a compelling depiction of that yawning hell burning beneath all, particularly the unwary and unready. Its depiction of punishment almost, but ultimately does not, overwhelm the sermon’s purpose: the promise of God’s mercy. Edwards exhorted a return to traditional Puritan orthodoxy, claiming authority to denounce “backsliders” in his congregation and refuse communion to those sanctioned by the Half-Way Covenant, that is, the members of his church who did not publicly declare themselves as saved. In 1750, his congregation rejected Edwards by vote and dismissed him from the church. He then served as missionary to the Housatonnuck Indians in Stockbridge. In 1758, he became president of the College of New Jersey, now known as Princeton. He died from smallpox after receiving an inoculation against this infectious disease. 3.3.1 “Personal Narrative” (1765) http://edwards.yale.edu/archive?pathaHR0cDovL2Vkd2FyHMueWFsS5l HUvY2dpLWJpbi9uXdwaGlsby9nXRvYmplY3QucGw/Yy4xNTo3NDo1Lnd qZW8 3.3.2 Reading and Review Questions 1. How does Edwards convey his sense of himself as being unique, as uniquely religious, both before and after his “awakening?” Page | 298
BECOMING AMERICA REVOLUTIONARY AND EARLY NATIONAL PERIOD LITERATURE 2. What stylistic elements does Edwards use? How aware of his audience is Edwards? What means, if any, does Edwards use to engage his audience? How do you know? 3. How does Edwards’ narrative serve as a model to his audience? How, if at all, does it confer his potential authority over its audience? Why? How do you know? 4. What religious conicts, fears, or uncertainties does this narrative address? How universal do you think these were among Edwards’ audience? How does he resolve these conicts, fears, and uncertainties? How convincing (to you as a reader and to Edwards’ contemporaries) are his resolutions? 5. How appealing does Edwards make his faith and understanding of the Christian God? Why? 3.4 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706–1790) Born in Boston, Benjamin Franklin was the youngest son of the youngest son ve generations back. His father, Josiah Franklin, left Northamptonshire, England for America in reaction against the Church of England. Though he tried to have his son educated formally by enrolling him in the Boston Grammar School, Josiah was forced by nancial circumstances to bring Benjamin into his tallow chandler and soap boiling business. Franklin hated the business, particularly the smell, so he was eventually apprenticed to his brother James, who had learned the printing trade in England and started a newspaper, The New England Courant. Image 3.3 | Benjamin Franklin Franklin took to printing and the Artist | Joseph Duplessis Source | Wikimedia Commons printed word, reading voraciously not License | Public Domain only the business’s publications but also the books loaned to him by its patrons and friends. Through reading and using texts as models, Franklin acquired great facility in writing. An editorial he wrote under the pseudonym of “Silence Dogood” was published by his brother, who had no idea of the piece’s true authorship. James was imprisoned after quarreling with Page | 299
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B E C O M I N G AMERICA An Explorat
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TABLE OF C ONTENTS PART ONE: PRE- A
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1Pre- and Early Colonial Literature
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Becoming America - An Exploration of American Literature from Precolonial to Post-Revolution, 2018a

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