Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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genetically modified foods, additives and preservatives will lead them to sustain the growth in organic foods and the popularity of farmers’ markets, regional cuisines, and traditional foods, all of which are perceived to be more “natural” and therefore healthier. References Association Resource Centre Inc. (2006). 2006 Canadian Spa Sector Profile. Vancouver, B.C.: Canadian Tourism Commission Lang Research Inc. (2007). TAMS 2006: Canadian Travel Market - Visiting Spas While On Trips Of One or More Nights: A Profile Report. Toronto, ON: Ontario Ministry of Tourism and partners. Lang Research Inc. (2001). Interest in Health Spas (Profile Report), Travel Activities & Motivation Survey (TAMS). Ottawa: Canadian Tourism Commission. Nahrstedt, W. (2004). “Wellness: A New Perspective for Leisure Centers, Health Tourism, and Spas in Europe on the Global Health Market” in Weiermair, K. & Mathies, C. (eds.). The Tourism And Leisure Industry: Shaping The Future. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press. PricewaterhouseCoopers (2004). The ISPA 2004 Spa Industry Study. Lexington, Ky: International SPA Association PricewaterhouseCoopers (2002). The ISPA 2002 Spa Industry Study. Lexington, Ky: International SPA Association The Hartman Group (2006). Identifying the Spa Traveler: A Look at US and Canadian Consumer Attitudes and Motivators for Spa Vacations. Canadian Tourism Commission and International SPA Association.
The use of the internet in wellness promotion by Portuguese spas Veronika Joukes Professor Auxiliar, DESG, CETRAD (ECHS), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Avenida Almeida Lucena 1, 5000-660 Vila Real, Portugal. veronika@utad.pt. Abstract Until 2004, Portuguese spas were traditionally thought of as establishments in which noninvasive therapies based on naturally-occurring sources of mineral water are provided under professional supervision. With the publication of the Decree-Law Nº 142/2004, Portuguese legislation regulating spas changed quite drastically: from that moment on, spa-owners, numbering some 40 establishments countrywide, were allowed to open up what had hitherto been a strictly health-orientated sector. Since then much has changed in the Portuguese mineral springs spa market: one of the main innovations has been the introduction of a large variety of services that may be termed “wellness treatments”, i.e. therapies not strictly related to pre-existing health conditions. These are now being offered as a product range in its own right along with traditional medical treatments, thus diversifying the services provided, all based on the same highly therapeutic naturally-occurring mineral water. Thus spa services are no longer just a health product, but have also become a tourist attraction, thereby legally formalising something that, to a limited extent, had always been the case. With the change in the services offered, the typical customer profile has also changed significantly: users of today’s spa facilities are younger (between 25 and 45 years of age) than in the past, from the middle to middle-upper socio-economic stratum, live in a large urban centre, have a reasonably high level of education, and could be either male or female. Such clients prefer making various short trips over the year to test out different destinations, and choose registered hotels with 3 or more stars for their stays. The changing client profile has meant changes in the means employed by firms to establish a growing and loyal client base. Indeed, over the past five years, a large majority of Portuguese spa service providers have significantly upgraded not only their services and infrastructures, but also their use of internet sites. With these changes in mind, the study reported on here 9 aimed to analyse the way such firms currently communicate with prospective clients using the web. The existing sites were therefore systematically screened during the Spring of 2009 (30 sites) and 2010 (34 sites), with a view to finding answers to the following questions: (i) how do they position their medical/wellness products? (ii) to what kind of public do they address their internet-based marketing efforts (iii) do they only mention their own services or do they also provide prospective clients with links that give information on other service providers, such as travel experts, sports organizations or nature guides? (iv) do the online marketing tools used by these spas stimulate user-communities? The results of this study may offer not only Portuguese but also spas in other locations the opportunity to further improve their dialogue with current and potential spa-goers. Introduction In Portugal, the supply side of health and wellness tourism consists of traditional spas based on natural mineral water springs (that have existed since Roman times at least), some 9 This preliminary study was undertaken on our own initiative but the intention is to convert it into an international comparative project furnishing results that may be applicable to the sector under consideration.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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Page 59 and 60: Functional value Functional value i
Page 61 and 62: “Before my operation, I did exten
Page 63 and 64: The table below recapitulates the m
Page 65 and 66: Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
Page 67 and 68: Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
Page 69 and 70: will replace chemical materials; ad
Page 71 and 72: Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
Page 73 and 74: producers of the cosmecuticals to a
Page 75 and 76: Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
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Page 89 and 90: Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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Page 105 and 106: how much exercise they get. Two-thi
Page 107: arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
Page 111 and 112: The main characteristics of Portugu
Page 113 and 114: 29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
Page 115 and 116: ongoing consumer and industry resea
Page 117 and 118: Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
Page 119 and 120: more than a handful of links were o
Page 121 and 122: Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
Page 123 and 124: The Czech Republic is rich in spas
Page 125 and 126: Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
Page 127 and 128: the total fertility exceeded the va
Page 129 and 130: 1. Waters - the internal and extern
Page 131 and 132: • N - Postoperative and posttraum
Page 133 and 134: Foreign guests at accommodation fac
Page 135 and 136: Table 6 shows the number of guests
Page 137 and 138: M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
Page 139 and 140: Today´s health spa hotels are most
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Page 143 and 144: Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
Page 145 and 146: customer is value, which at each gi
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Page 149 and 150: eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
Page 151 and 152: The results of this study support t
Page 153 and 154: Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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