Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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We present the direct tax revenues (excl. VAT) of health tourism projects based on the 2009 research data: • Research data shows that local tax revenues of the examined projects depend on the projects’ specifics and their ownership. Most thermal bath and aqua parks in Hungary are city government owned, thus during the first years of operation they are usually exempt from local taxes. However later this local operational tax is a large • On average, about 20% of the net revenue of health tourism project are paid as a direct taxes. (The 2004 study showed the same data.) Based on the studied projects, 5-10% of thermal bath and aqua park revenues and 12-25% of hotel revenues are paid to the local governments. • The amount of local tax revenues of particularly small city governments, are greatly influenced by the examined tourism facilities. The examined 4 new wellness hotels generated 110M Euro (30bn HUF) local tax for the city governments. The local tax paid by the examined thermal bath and aqua parks (with the same investment value) was only 55% of the wellness hotels’ local taxes. The impacts of health tourism development on the local economy Health tourism development has significant impacts the local economy both directly and indirectly. Direct impact includes local tax revenues and job creation; indirect effects are the multiplier effect of the investment, the development of the city as a tourism destination and the associated increased visits of tourist. Further direct effects are increased local tax revenues and increased scope of activity and prosperity of local businesses. Below, through the results of the 2009 study, we will show you these direct effects in three different size cities in different regions of the country. These cities are: • Debrecen (located in North Hungary), population of 206,000, new aqua park development (2003) • Szentgotthárd (located in West Hungary), population of 9,000, new thermal bath and aqua park development (2007) • Tiszafüred (located in Lake Tisza region), population of 11,000, new wellness hotel development (2007) Accommodation capacity and demand volume As it was mentioned earlier the accommodation capacity and the number tourist arrivals at commercial accommodation expresses the size tourism at the visited destination. Below we illustrate the impact of health tourism development in three examined cities, namely: Debrecen, Szentgotthárd and Tiszafüred. Total number of available beds Total number of tourist nights spent (accommodation supply side) (accommodation demand side) Debrecen. In early 2000 the commercial accommodation capacity stagnated in Debrecen. Due to the higher level of quality accommodation development, the number of hotel rooms increased but it did not translate to a bed capacity increase. Partly as a result of the introduction of the aqua park, hotel utilization increased until 2006. Hotels provide 2/3 of total commercial accommodation nights. Since 2006, accommodation utilization slightly declined due to a decrease in foreign tourist. This trend fits with the experience in Hajdú-Bihar County where Debrecen is located. Both the capacity and quality of commercial accommodation satisfies the need, which explains the low number of bed & breakfast accommodation.
Total number of available beds (accommodation supply side) 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 Debrecen 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szállás férőhely Egyéb ker. férőhely Szállodai férőhely Total number of tourist nights spent (accommodation demand side) 450 000 400 000 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 Debrecen 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szálláshelyi vendég éjsz. Egyéb ker. vendég éjsz. Belföldi száll. vendég éjsz. Külföldi száll. vendég éjsz. Szentgotthárd: the city’s accommodation capacity increased due to the building of smaller hotels and pensions as an indirect effect of the examined health investment. This also effected the influx foreign tourist nights. This is the likely explanation of the continued growth of tourism in Szentgotthárd through 2008. 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Szentgotthárd 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szállás férőhely Egyéb ker. férőhely Szállodai férőhely 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 Szentgotthárd 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szálláshelyi vendég éjsz. Egyéb ker. vendég éjsz. Belföldi száll. vendég éjsz. Külföldi száll. vendég éjsz. Tiszafüred: until the opening the Hotel Tisza Balneum, there was no hotel in town. In 2008, guest nights influx increased significantly due to the new 4 star wellness & conference hotel. This private hotel investment stimulated other commercial accommodation utilization and demand for bed & breakfast accommodation. 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Tiszafüred 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szállás férőhely Egyéb ker. férőhely Szállodai férőhely 80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Tiszafüred 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Magán szálláshelyi vendég éjsz. Egyéb ker. vendég éjsz. Belföldi száll. vendég éjsz. Külföldi száll. vendég éjsz.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
Page 185 and 186: and other characteristics of the ho
Page 187 and 188: Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
Page 189 and 190: Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
Page 191 and 192: to have an influence on these corre
Page 193 and 194: Purification 11 Application of alte
Page 195 and 196: Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
Page 197 and 198: The term multidimensional scaling (
Page 199 and 200: Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
Page 201 and 202: Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
Page 203 and 204: Group one account for 37% of the va
Page 205 and 206: Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
Page 207 and 208: Social indicator systems Social ind
Page 209 and 210: 1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
Page 211 and 212: However, according to Table 1, it a
Page 213 and 214: Since the TSTAR database does not h
Page 215 and 216: the hundred happiest settlements re
Page 217 and 218: Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
Page 219 and 220: Method: A Case Study Approach The a
Page 221 and 222: methodologies, and educational trav
Page 223 and 224: and times the data was collected, F
Page 225 and 226: SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
Page 227 and 228: Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
Page 229 and 230: Measurement of the Economic Impacts
Page 231 and 232: o The macro and micro environment r
Page 233 and 234: Employment impacts During our analy
Page 235: • The examined wellness hotels we
Page 239 and 240: • Our analysis showed that new jo
Page 241 and 242: City of Budapest is seen as a touri
Page 243 and 244: of the area will also grow by marke
Page 245 and 246: of the case studies will be present
Page 247 and 248: The water is radio-active and conta
Page 249 and 250: Conclusions In our changing environ
Page 251 and 252: no exception. Already, patients are
Page 253 and 254: Data regarding levels of training o
Page 255 and 256: Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
Page 257 and 258: Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
Page 259 and 260: that people willing to pay slightly
Page 261 and 262: Continue follow-up care in the UK F
Page 263 and 264: HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
Page 265 and 266: • Service provided within the ins
Page 267 and 268: Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
Page 269 and 270: 16. Increasing interest in alternat
Page 271 and 272: APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
Page 273 and 274: point of view it means wholeness as
Page 275 and 276: Men Women International Playboy, Me
Page 277 and 278: elderly wanted to look like, to act
Page 279 and 280: Table 4. The number of experienced
Page 281 and 282: emains an open question when the sh
Page 283 and 284: Most important criteria when bookin
Page 285 and 286: The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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