Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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satisfaction is higher, health benefit is higher; therefore, hypothesis H2 stands. The influence coefficient of leisure involvement toward health benefit is 0.31, t value is 1.73 and both reached significant level, which indicated leisure involvement has positive significant effect over health benefit, and when leisure involvement is higher, health benefit is higher; therefore, hypothesis H3 stands. There are two paths for satisfaction to affect health benefit. One is satisfaction’s direct effect over health benefit of 0.66, and the other is satisfaction’s indirect effect over health benefit through leisure involvement of 0.084; satisfaction’s overall effect over health benefit is 0.74, which indicated leisure involvement’s mediating effect of satisfaction over health benefit does exist. As for the observed variables in tourism activity satisfaction, the learning activity of Da-Muo Yijin Kung is the most important factor dimension, and next is health and well-being tourism and healthy environment, which showed the combination of health and well-being activity and tourism is the core of health and well-being tourism. In leisure involvement, practice time and frequency and level of seriousness are both important factor dimensions, which showed Da-Muo Yijin Kung needs devotion and practice. In health benefit, health and confidence are both important factor dimensions, which showed having a healthy mind and body makes people more confident. X1: Health and Wellbeing Tourism X2: Health and Wellbeing Activity X3: Healthy Diet X4: Healthy Environment X5: Health Products Y1: Regular practicing time Y2: Practice time and frequency Y3: Level of seriousness 0.40 * (3.02) 0.67 * (4.23) 0.34 * (2.60) 0.37 * (2.84) 0.14 (1.05) 0.85 0.92 * (8.45) 0.70 * (6.76) Product Satisfaction 0.27 * (1.69) Leisure Involvement 0.66 * (2.98) 0.33 * (1.73) Health Benefit Y4: Health Y5: Confidence Figure 2 – Satisfaction, leisure involvement and health benefit of special interest tourism model Conclusion and Suggestions With the increasing stress in life and work, and the arrival of an aging society, health and well-being tourism has gradually become a trend. This study choose health and well-being tourism as research topic, and the result showed that health and well-being activity is the core of this special interest tourism, and create its uniqueness and attraction. As for health benefit, people are paying more and more attention on the concept of prevention medicine, using natural method to maintain the health of body, mind and spirit. For better health, they also continually put in time to participate in health and well-being tourism activities. When the 0.64 0.65 * (3.27)
higher the tourists satisfaction in these activities, the more involved they get, and the higher health benefit they would gain. From the results of this study, by combining special interest activates and health and well-being tourism could form a unique attraction, deepen tourists’ satisfaction, and create the value of health and well-being tourism. References Ajzen, I. (1991), Benefits of leisure: A Social Psychological Perspective. In B. L. Driver, P. J. Brown & G. L. Peterson (Eds.), Benefits of Leisure, pp.411-417. Stage College,PA: Venture Publishing. Bammel, G. & Burrus-Bammel, L. L.(1982), Leisure and Human Behavior . Dubuge, IA: Wm.C. Brown Company Publisher. Beard, J. G., & Ragherb, M. G. (1980). Measuring leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12(1), 20-33. Bulltena, C. L.& Klessing, L. L.(1969). Satisfaction in Camping: A Conceptualization and Guide at Social research. Journal of Leisure Research, 348-364. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fornell, C. (1992). A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer:the Swedish Experience. Journal of Marketing, 56, 6-21. Gunter, B. & Gunter, N. (1980). Leisure styles: A conceptual framework for modern leisure. Sociological Quarterly, 2, 361-374. Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 122-149. Hull IV, R. B., & Michael, S. E. (1995). Nature-based recreation, mood change, and stress restoration. Leisure Sciences, 17, 1-14. Iso-Ahoal, S. E. & Wessinger, E., 1984, Leisure and Well-bBeing: Is There a Connection? Parks and Recreation, 19(6), pp.40-44. Kim, S. S., Scott, D. & Crompton, J. L. (1997). An exploration of the relationships among social psychological involvement, behavior involvement, commitment, and future intentions in the context of birdwatching. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 320-341. Oliver, R. L.(1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retailing setting, Journal of retailing, 57(3), 25-48. Opaschowski, H. W. (2001) , Tourismus im 21, Jahrhundert, das gekaufte paradies. Hamburg: B.A.T. Freizeit-Forschungsinstitut GmbH. Rothschild, M. L. (1984). Perspectives on involvement: Current problems and future direction. Advances in consumer research, 11, 216-217. Stebbins, R. A. (1982), Serious Leisure: a Conceptual statement, Pacific Sociological Review, 25, pp.251-272. Stone, R. N.(1984). The marketing characteristics of involvement. Advances in Consumer Research, 3, 355-365.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
Page 315 and 316: accommodation, meals and health off
Page 317 and 318: Exploring The Relationship Between
Page 319 and 320: proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
Page 321 and 322: Table 1 Participant information ana
Page 323 and 324: Table 3 Well-being analysis result
Page 325 and 326: Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
Page 327 and 328: evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
Page 329 and 330: Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332: analytic model has several methodol
Page 333 and 334: From this survey, we selected sever
Page 335 and 336: Gulliver in the land of giants? The
Page 337 and 338: emergency cases. As the commonly kn
Page 339 and 340: Figure 1. The main factors of quali
Page 341 and 342: Surgical medical touristic market T
Page 343 and 344: • Seamless services: The professi
Page 345 and 346: of price-advantage segment. Due to
Page 347 and 348: Appendix 1. The characteristics of
Page 349 and 350: Appendix 2. The characteristics of
Page 351 and 352: Introduction Arguments for the need
Page 353 and 354: The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
Page 355 and 356: The statistics obtained from the su
Page 357 and 358: Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
Page 359 and 360: Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
Page 361 and 362: interest activity and health and we
Page 363 and 364: performance calls for a unity of wi
Page 365: Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
Page 369 and 370: supporting factors and resources, d
Page 371 and 372: Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
Page 373 and 374: In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
Page 375 and 376: The role and actions of Savonlinna
Page 377 and 378: Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
Page 379 and 380: Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
Page 381 and 382: excellent capabilities. Despite of
Page 383 and 384: Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
Page 385 and 386: thrills and excitement which someti
Page 387 and 388: The actual responses were compared
Page 389 and 390: therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
Page 391 and 392: Table 2: Average Number of Employee
Page 393 and 394: As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
Page 395 and 396: Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
Page 397 and 398: Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
Page 399 and 400: The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
Page 401 and 402: The key question in market segmenta
Page 403 and 404: significantly from each other. Ther
Page 405 and 406: Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
Page 407 and 408: 4. Travel benefit perception reflec
Page 409 and 410: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
Page 411 and 412: summary or as a commonly accepted b
Page 413 and 414: Third, these proxy prototypes were
Page 415 and 416: Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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