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to be higher too. In the leisure flow experience aspect, the factors of “ the full concentration in the activity”, “clear goal”, “immediately payback” and “self-forming” have high construction surface. In the well-being aspect, the factors of “the happy optimistic”, “life satisfaction”, “the self-growth” and “the environment” have high construction surface. From the analysis above, we can know that the meditation flow experience provided the populace to have higher level of well-being. X1 Clear Goal X2 Immediately payback X3 Skill and Challenge balance X4 Full concentration in the activity X5 Self-Control X6 Sense of time change X7 Self-Forming experience 0.80 * (20.97) 0.77 * (20.04) 0.73 * (18.22) 0.84 * (22.74) 0.70 * (17.38) 0.71 * (17.72) 0.74 * (18.89) Flow experience ξ1 0.73 * (12.85) Well-being Figure 3 The casual relationship between mediation flow experience and wellbeing. Conclution People’s living pressure is increasing, so the life well being value is decreasing. Because the meditation activity can relieve the pressure and it also has the strength to increase people’s life quality from the mental and spirit aspect, so meditation activity slowly becomes popular leisure activity to the people. This research used the influence relation between meditation flow experience and well being to be the research subject, and the finding demonstrated that higher meditation flow experience has higher well being value. The people who engaged in meditation activity thought that the meditation activity is very good experience activity, would bring the more positive outlook for people’s life at the spirit aspect and the finding showed that the meditation had the ability to reduce the pressure from the daily life and increase people’s health, and promote the intrinsic self-control, so people can be able to enjoy the mediation activity which was important leisure activity. References Andrew, F. M., and Withey, S. B. (1976). Social Indicators of Well-Being. New York, NY: Plenum. Berger , B . C . , & McInman . (1993) . Exercise and the quality of life ,In R .N .Singer , M . , & Murpuh , L. K, Tennant ( Eds .) ,Handbook of research on sport psychology , pp.729 - 760.New York: Macmillan Publishing. Campbell, A., Converse,P.E., & Rodgers,W.L.(1976). The quality of American life : Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Coleman, D. & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1993). Leisure and health The role of social support and self-determination. Journal of Leisure Research, 25(2) , 111-128. Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1975), Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. η1 0.66 0.78 * (15.04) 0.79 * (15.18) 0.75 * (14.46) 0.80 * (15.18) 0.87 * (16.26) 0.81 * (15.28) Y1 physiology Y2 psychology Y3 Environment Y4 Public relation Y5 Self-Grow Y6 Happy optimistic Y7 Life satisfaction
Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper and Row. Diener,E.,Suh, E.M.,Lucas,R.E., & Smith,H.L.(1999)Subjective well-being:Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2),276-302. Gilbert, D., & Abdullah, J. (2004).Holiday taking and the sense of well-being. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(1), 103-121. Hull IV, R. B. ,(1990), Mood as a product of leisure. Journal of Leisure Research , 22 , 99– 111. Jackson, S.A. & Marsh, H.W. ,(1996), Development and validation of scale to measure optimal experience: the flow stats scale. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology,vol. 18, pp. 17-35. McBride-King, & Bachmann, K.,(1999), Is work-life balance still an issue for Canadians and their employers? You bet it is! Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada. Pargament, K. I.,(1997), The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford. Robinson, J. P., & Godbey G.,(1997), Time for life: The surprising ways Americans use their time. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 99-104. Zuzanek, J., Smale, B. J. A.,(1997), More work-less leisure Changing allocations of time in Canada, 1981 to 1992. Society and Leisure , 20(1), pp. 73-106.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
Page 273 and 274: point of view it means wholeness as
Page 275 and 276: Men Women International Playboy, Me
Page 277 and 278: elderly wanted to look like, to act
Page 279 and 280: Table 4. The number of experienced
Page 281 and 282: emains an open question when the sh
Page 283 and 284: Most important criteria when bookin
Page 285 and 286: The study investigates the performa
Page 287 and 288: The survey was distributed to 400 u
Page 289 and 290: Conclusions and Discussion In this
Page 291 and 292: A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
Page 293 and 294: year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
Page 295 and 296: although unintentionally, represent
Page 297 and 298: separated and I don't like being st
Page 299 and 300: Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
Page 301 and 302: Does tourism really contribute to o
Page 303 and 304: Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
Page 305 and 306: The theoretical significance of und
Page 307 and 308: Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
Page 309 and 310: Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
Page 311 and 312: Expectations of Health Tourists in
Page 313 and 314: 40%). Only those guests were includ
Page 315 and 316: accommodation, meals and health off
Page 317 and 318: Exploring The Relationship Between
Page 319 and 320: proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
Page 321 and 322: Table 1 Participant information ana
Page 323: Table 3 Well-being analysis result
Page 327 and 328: evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
Page 329 and 330: Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332: analytic model has several methodol
Page 333 and 334: From this survey, we selected sever
Page 335 and 336: Gulliver in the land of giants? The
Page 337 and 338: emergency cases. As the commonly kn
Page 339 and 340: Figure 1. The main factors of quali
Page 341 and 342: Surgical medical touristic market T
Page 343 and 344: • Seamless services: The professi
Page 345 and 346: of price-advantage segment. Due to
Page 347 and 348: Appendix 1. The characteristics of
Page 349 and 350: Appendix 2. The characteristics of
Page 351 and 352: Introduction Arguments for the need
Page 353 and 354: The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
Page 355 and 356: The statistics obtained from the su
Page 357 and 358: Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
Page 359 and 360: Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
Page 361 and 362: interest activity and health and we
Page 363 and 364: performance calls for a unity of wi
Page 365 and 366: Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
Page 367 and 368: higher the tourists satisfaction in
Page 369 and 370: supporting factors and resources, d
Page 371 and 372: Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
Page 373 and 374: In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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