Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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• Are “lived Nordic values” (Nordisk Råd and Nordisk Ministerråd, 2009) contributing leads for wellness and wellbeing tourism? • Are there supportive business structures and a collaborative network? Are the spa and wellness industry and the cosmeceutical producers prepared to enter into collaborative agreements and trustful interaction? • Do the regulatory regimes challenge and support the endeavours to create Nordic value chains? When it comes to meanings and values the Nordic elements in spa and wellness are intrinsic, and there is still substantial research to be undertaken when it comes to a better grasp of cobrand management in this context (Pechlaner et al. 2006). None of the actors in this study have yet to achieve a consistent and full-bodied co-branding and co-creation profile, and that is not a surprise. We are talking about a discipline in tourism that is still emerging in terms of academic research and in terms of practical implementation. Destinations still have to be invited in to do a job. References Aaker, D. A. (1996). Building strong brands, New York, Free Press. Aho, S. (2007). Spa rehibilitation of war veterans: A Finnish Speciality of War Compensation. ATLAS Spa and Wellness SIG Meeting, Budapest, 25 th -28 th June 2007. Barras, R. (1986). Towards a theory on innovation in services. Research Policy, 15 (4), 161- 173. Behrens, A. (2007) The internationalisation process of wellness tourism, Norderstedt, GRIN VErlag. Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (Eds.) (2009). Wellness and tourism. Mind, body, spirit, place, New York, Cognizant. Crotts, J., Aziz, A. & Rashid, A. (1998). Antecedents of supplier’s commitment to wholesale buyers in the international travel trade. Tourism Management, 19 (2), 127-134. Draelos, Z. D. (2008). The cosmeceuticals realm. Clinics in Dermatology, 26 (6), 627-632. Endensor, T. (2001). Performing tourism, staging tourism. Tourist Studies, 1 (1), 59-81. Gibson, N. (2008). Canmore’s health and wellness profile. Airdrie: InnoVisons and Associates. http://www.cfcwest.com/documents/CanmoreHealthandWellnessSectorProfile.pdf Hemmi, J. & Vuoristo, K.-V. (1994). Matkailu, Porvoo, WSOY. Hjalager, A.-M. (2002). Repairing innovation defectiveness in tourism. Tourism Management, 23 (5), 465-474. Hjalager, A.-M. (2010). A review of the innovation research in tourism. Tourism Management, 31 (1), 1-12. Howell, J., James, A. & Malik, K. (2003). The sourcing of technological knowledge: distributed innovation process and dynamic change. R & D Management, 33 (4), 395- 409. Kangas, H. & Tuohino, A. (2008). Lake Wellness – Uusi itäsuomalainen innovaatio? Matkailututkimus, 4 (1), 23-41. Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holistic tourism. Integrating body, mind, spirit. In R. Bushell, & P. Sheldon (Eds.), Wellness and tourism. Body. Mind, Spirit, place, 69-83. New York, Cognizant. Konu, H., Tuohino, A. & Komppula, R. (forthcoming 2010). Lake Wellness – A practical example of a new service development (NSD) concept in tourism industries. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16 (2), 125-139.
Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A systematic analysis of the preference change in cobranding, MPRA paper 12249, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12249/. Lee, S., Kim, W. G. & Kim, H. J. (2006). The impact of co-branding on post-purchase behaviours in family restaurants. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 25 (2), 245-261. Logue, V. (2005). Hiking and Backpacking: Essential Skills, Equipment, and Safety, Menasha Ridge Press. Mandelbaum, R. & Lerner, G. (2008). Hotel operators massage more profits from their spa operations. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49 (2), 99-104. Mossberg, L. (2007). A marketing approach to the tourist experience. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 7 (1), 59-74. Möller, K. E. & Törrönen, P. (2003). Business suppliers’ value creation potential. A capacitybased analysis, Industrial Marketing Management, 32 (2), 109-118. Nordisk Råd og Nordisk Ministerråd (2005). Norden som global vinderregion. På sporet af den nordiske konkurrencemodel, København. Pechlaner, H. & Fischer, E. (2006). Alpine wellness. A resource-based view. Tourism Recreation Research, 31 (1), 67-77. Pechlaner, H., Fischer, E. & Go, F. M. (2006). Indentity-creating values as a basis for the integrated promoting? In P. Keller, & T. Bieger (Eds.), Marketing efficiency in tourism. Coping with volatile demand, 231-242. Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag. Pine, B. J. & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). The Experience Economy – Work is Theatre and Every Business a Stage, Boston, MA, Harvard Business School Press. Smedstad, N. E. (1995). Waterproof, breathable fabrics for military clothing systems: an innovative approach to acquisition. The International Cold Weather Conference, sponsored by Natick RD&E Center, 2 Mar 1995. Available at: http://www.dtic.mil/cgibin/GetTRDoc?AD=ada420748&Location= U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf. Smith, M. & Puczkó, L. (2009). Health and Wellness Tourism, Amsterdam, Elsevier. Suontausta, H. & Tyni, M. (2005). Wellness-matkailu – hyvinvointi matkailun tuotekehityksessä, Helsinki, Edita. Tether, B. S. (2005). Do Services Innovate (Differently)? Insights from the European Innobarometer Survey. Industry & Innovation, 12 (2), 153. Tsai, T. C. & Hantash, B. M. (2008). Cosmeceutical agents: A comprehensive review of the literature. Clinical Medicine: Dermatology, 1, 1-20. Voss, C. & Zomerdijk, L. (2007). Innovation in experiental services – an empirical view, London Business School. Walsh, V. (1996). Design, innovation and the boundaries of the firm. Research Policy, 25 (4), 509-529. Weiermair, K. & Steinhauser, C. (2003). New tourism clusters in the field of sports and health: the case of Alpine Wellness, Paper for 12 th International Tourism and Leisure Symposium, Barcelona.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
Page 23 and 24: elaxation as this is generally the
Page 25 and 26: Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
Page 27 and 28: According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
Page 29 and 30: Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
Page 31 and 32: A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
Page 33 and 34: RP Care is an innovative modular ex
Page 35 and 36: The introduction of its modular bus
Page 37 and 38: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
Page 39 and 40: development but, three years later,
Page 41 and 42: Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
Page 43 and 44: URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
Page 45 and 46: Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
Page 47 and 48: Whether we opt for more realistic s
Page 49 and 50: focused on the paradigm of wellness
Page 51 and 52: immediately followed by specific ho
Page 53 and 54: particular reference must be made o
Page 55 and 56: Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
Page 57 and 58: tourism is a lucrative activity for
Page 59 and 60: Functional value Functional value i
Page 61 and 62: “Before my operation, I did exten
Page 63 and 64: The table below recapitulates the m
Page 65 and 66: Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
Page 67 and 68: Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
Page 69 and 70: will replace chemical materials; ad
Page 71 and 72: Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
Page 73: producers of the cosmecuticals to a
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
Page 83 and 84: ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
Page 87 and 88: attention to the mature travellers
Page 89 and 90: Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
Page 103 and 104: health as “a state of complete ph
Page 105 and 106: how much exercise they get. Two-thi
Page 107 and 108: arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
Page 109 and 110: The use of the internet in wellness
Page 111 and 112: The main characteristics of Portugu
Page 113 and 114: 29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
Page 115 and 116: ongoing consumer and industry resea
Page 117 and 118: Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
Page 119 and 120: more than a handful of links were o
Page 121 and 122: Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
Page 123 and 124: The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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