Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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Polish Spas – in need of a polish? Eastern and Western European perspectives on spa and health tourism Sub-theme: Segmentation and positioning products, brands and destinations in health and wellness tourism Dorota Ujma University of Bedfordshire, UK dorota.ujma@beds.ac.uk Research paper This paper aims to explore the ‘ethnocentrically’ divided – and culturally specific understanding of spa tourism, health tourism and wellness tourism; specifically based on comparisons between the Central and Eastern European (especially Polish) and Western perspective. Drawing on Dann and Liebman Parrinello’s (forthcoming) call to discern, contextualize and better appreciate research published beyond English-speaking world, Polish and English literature on health and spa tourism is reviewed and interpreted in combination. It appears that Polish approaches view spas and health resorts as popular destinations with a number of protected natural on-site sources (e.g mineral or thermal water), offering contact with nature resulting in improvements in health and well-being. Polish spas tend to be functional, utilitarian and regimented in their delivery; where ‘improving health’ is achieved through basic, traditional treatments, connected with a specific locale. Moreover there is a belief that just staying within the spa environment is beneficial; that improvements to health and well being occur simple by “being there”. In contrast to Western facilities both the quality of facilities together with customer orientated service is not expected to be of a high standard. In Western Europe the connection with nature and natural resources, along with its perceived effectiveness of related treatments, is less prevalent and so is of less importance. The philosophy and customer approach of Western ‘spas’ are often founded in the gentle encouragement towards healthy living through often exotic and luxury treatments which take place in random premium settings. Such differences are not only embedded in the manner in which these types of tourism are delivered and experienced – but also in the very specific definitions adopted by differing cultures which are in turn influenced by both semantics and tradition. Whilst in Western literature spa tourism is seen as a component of health tourism (for example Hall 2003), the Polish reviews (such as Rydz 2005, Wolski 1970, 1991) indicate that the overlap between the two may be only partial; resulting in spa tourism covering more types of tourism, not always related to health alone (Hadzik 2009). As a result it is suggested that current health tourism definitions should be more sensitive to cultural variations, and that both Western and Eastern European practitioners be more aware of the opportunities relating to both location and customer care. References Dann, G. M.S. and Liebman Parrinello, G. (Eds.) (Forthcoming) The Sociology of Tourism: European Contributions, Emerald Hadzik, A. (2009) Turystyka zdrowotna uzdrowisk (Spa tourism in health resorts), Wydawnictwo Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego, Katowice.
Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tourism, in S. Hudson, Sport and Adventure Tourism, The Haworth Hospitality Press, NY, pp. 273- 292 Rydz, E. (Ed.) (2005) Kształtowanie funkcji turystycznych w miejscowościach uzdrowiskowych (Shaping the role and function of tourism in health resorts), Pomorska Akademia Pedagogiczna, Słupsk. Wolski, J. (1970) Turystyka zdrowotna a uzdrowiska europejskich krajów socjalistycznych (Health tourism and spas in the European socialist countries), Problemy Uzdrowiskowe, 5. Wolski, J. (1991) Turystyka uzdrowiskowa (Spa tourism), Problemy turystyki (Tourism Problems / Issues), 1-2.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
Page 327 and 328: evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
Page 329 and 330: Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332: analytic model has several methodol
Page 333 and 334: From this survey, we selected sever
Page 335 and 336: Gulliver in the land of giants? The
Page 337 and 338: emergency cases. As the commonly kn
Page 339 and 340: Figure 1. The main factors of quali
Page 341 and 342: Surgical medical touristic market T
Page 343 and 344: • Seamless services: The professi
Page 345 and 346: of price-advantage segment. Due to
Page 347 and 348: Appendix 1. The characteristics of
Page 349 and 350: Appendix 2. The characteristics of
Page 351 and 352: Introduction Arguments for the need
Page 353 and 354: The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
Page 355 and 356: The statistics obtained from the su
Page 357 and 358: Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
Page 359 and 360: Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
Page 361 and 362: interest activity and health and we
Page 363 and 364: performance calls for a unity of wi
Page 365 and 366: Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
Page 367 and 368: higher the tourists satisfaction in
Page 369 and 370: supporting factors and resources, d
Page 371 and 372: Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
Page 373 and 374: In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
Page 375 and 376: The role and actions of Savonlinna
Page 377: Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
Page 381 and 382: excellent capabilities. Despite of
Page 383 and 384: Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
Page 385 and 386: thrills and excitement which someti
Page 387 and 388: The actual responses were compared
Page 389 and 390: therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
Page 391 and 392: Table 2: Average Number of Employee
Page 393 and 394: As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
Page 395 and 396: Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
Page 397 and 398: Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
Page 399 and 400: The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
Page 401 and 402: The key question in market segmenta
Page 403 and 404: significantly from each other. Ther
Page 405 and 406: Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
Page 407 and 408: 4. Travel benefit perception reflec
Page 409 and 410: http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
Page 411 and 412: summary or as a commonly accepted b
Page 413 and 414: Third, these proxy prototypes were
Page 415 and 416: Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
Page 417 and 418: Table 4 Non-response shares for des
Page 419 and 420: Figure 1 Image positions of five As
Page 421 and 422: Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
Page 423 and 424: piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
Page 425 and 426: Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
Page 427 and 428: Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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