Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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• Seeking something new and different in a holiday experience. Customers often want something educational or experiential, and many aspects of health and wellness tourism also fulfills those requirements. The Czech Health Spa Industry There are just a few other activities that can better characterize the economic, cultural and social development of the Czech Republic in the last decades as health spa industry. Service development boomed in the last 20 years in the Czech Republic, and health spa industry as an integrated part of wide service industry boomed as well. The biggest changes can be seen in privatization and inflow of foreign investment. The role of state toward health spas has changed indeed although it keeps still its important legislative role. The Czech health spa industry is an integral part of the European health spa industry history of which starts in ancient Rome and Greece. It is a matter of fact that in south Moravia the Romans operated the first spa in the city of Carnuntum in the 3rd century A. D. The history of Czech health spas development can be sectionalized as follows: 31 • Before 1800 – small number of spas, guests from high society only, little influence of scientific progress, high social prestige of spa visits. • 1800 – 1918 – dynamic development, which reached its peak before the World War 1 st , fast growth of number of visits, improvement of transport infrastructure especially railways, positive impact of science especially medicine, physics, chemistry, changes in structure of guest with focus on high society, spas are mostly under German influence. • 1918 – 1945 – health insurance companies as a new element in spa development, spas are opening themselves to underprivileged. The further development has been influenced by economic and political situation, post-war restoration, the economic crises, the 2 nd World War), some of the spas get under, and new substitutes to spa are discovered. • 1945 – 1989 – spas are nationalized (in 1945), more spas get under, changes in financing system (state and labor union´s influence), most of the spa guests utilize spa treatments as a part of complex spa care, changes in incoming spa guests´ structure (most of them came from the socialist countries), high level of spa treatments, problems in service quality, obsolete spa infrastructure, the average length of stay is about 25 days, the remedial function of spas are preferred prior to other. • After 1989 – privatization, direct influence of state failed, but continued in legislation, quality and variety of services are improved, number of commercial and foreign guests increased. The International Spa Association (ISPA) defines spas as places devoted to overall well-being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body and spirit.“ 32 ISPA presumes combined utilization of ten following healing elements: 33 31 Attl. P., Nejdl, K.: Turizmus I. VSH, Praha 2005, ISBN 80-86578-37-2, p. 75
1. Waters - the internal and external use of water in its many forms. 2. Nourishment - food, herbals, supplements and medicines. 3. Movement - vitality and energy through movement, exercise, stretching and fitness. 4. Touch - connectivity and communication embraced through touch, massage and bodywork. 5. Integration - the personal and social relationship between mind, body, spirit and environment. 6. Aesthetics - concept of beauty and how botanical agents relate to the biochemical components of the body. 7. Environment - location, placement, weather patterns, water constitution, natural agents and social responsibility. 8. Cultural Expression - the spiritual belief systems, the value of art and the scientific and political view of the time. 9. Social Contribution - commerce, volunteer efforts, and intention as they relate to wellbeing. 10. Time, Space, Rhythms - the perception of space and time and its relationship to natural cycles and rhythms. Because of the different perception and different historic experience, spas are handed out by ISPA into seven categories: 34 1. Club Spa - a facility whose primary purpose is fitness and which offers a variety of professionally administered spa services on a day-use basis. 2. Cruise Ship Spa - a spa within a cruise ship providing professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components, and spa cuisine menu choices. 3. Day Spa - a spa offering professionally administered spa services to clients on a day use basis. 4. Destination Spa - a spa whose sole purpose is to provide guests with lifestyle choices improvement, and health enhancement through professionally administered spa services, physical fitness and exercise, educational programming, such as nutrition and stress management and a sense of community through such features as on-site accommodations. Spa cuisine is frequently exclusively served. 5. Medical Spa - a spa whose primary purpose is to provide comprehensive medical and wellness care in an environment which integrates spa services, as well as conventional and complementary therapies and treatments. 6. Mineral Springs Spa – a spa offering on-site natural mineral, thermal, or seawater baths, which are used in professionally administered hydrotherapy treatments. 7. Resort/Hotel Spa - a spa within a resort/hotel that provides professionally administered spa services, fitness and wellness components and spa cuisine menu choices. The European Spa Association (ESPA) divides spas according naturally occurring local remedies, which are the basis for differentiation between several types of spas and health resorts such as: 32 International SPA Association's Global Best Practices for the Spa Industry. Downloaded from: http://www.experienceispa.com/education-resources/global-best-practices/ (last accessed 7 March 2010) 33 Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: http://www.experienceispa.com/education-resources/facts-andfigures/10-spa-domains/(last accessed 7 March 2010) 34 ISPA Bylaws. Downloaded from: http://www.experienceispa.com/about-ispa/bylaws/; Verschuren, F.: Spa, Health and Wellness Tourism: A New Product Portfolio at the Canadian Tourism Commission. Canadian Tourism Commission, Vancouver 2004 (last accessed 7 March 2010)
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
Page 83 and 84: ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
Page 87 and 88: attention to the mature travellers
Page 89 and 90: Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
Page 103 and 104: health as “a state of complete ph
Page 105 and 106: how much exercise they get. Two-thi
Page 107 and 108: arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
Page 109 and 110: The use of the internet in wellness
Page 111 and 112: The main characteristics of Portugu
Page 113 and 114: 29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
Page 115 and 116: ongoing consumer and industry resea
Page 117 and 118: Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
Page 119 and 120: more than a handful of links were o
Page 121 and 122: Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
Page 123 and 124: The Czech Republic is rich in spas
Page 125 and 126: Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
Page 127: the total fertility exceeded the va
Page 131 and 132: • N - Postoperative and posttraum
Page 133 and 134: Foreign guests at accommodation fac
Page 135 and 136: Table 6 shows the number of guests
Page 137 and 138: M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
Page 139 and 140: Today´s health spa hotels are most
Page 141 and 142: without spa facilities and service
Page 143 and 144: Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
Page 145 and 146: customer is value, which at each gi
Page 147 and 148: experiences that renew the spirit.
Page 149 and 150: eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
Page 151 and 152: The results of this study support t
Page 153 and 154: Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
Page 155 and 156: and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
Page 157 and 158: listed reasons in more general leve
Page 159 and 160: One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
Page 161 and 162: Discussions and Conclusions The aim
Page 163 and 164: Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
Page 165 and 166: While wellness tourism in Australia
Page 167 and 168: Cairns, which has been suffering fr
Page 169 and 170: significantly from there, so if the
Page 171 and 172: Other factors raised by participant
Page 173 and 174: Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
Page 175 and 176: The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
Page 177 and 178: The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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