Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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Manso, J.; Simões, N. (2007). Os Municípios e a Qualidade de Vida em Portugal: Proposta Metodológica com Vista à sua Mensuração e Ordenação. UBI - Observatório para o Desenvolvimento Económico e Social. ME – Ministério da Economia (2006) Plano Estratégico Nacional para o Turismo (PENT). Assessed at www.iturismo.pt. 2-9-2008. Perdue, R., Long, P. and Allen, L. (1987). Rural Resident Perceptions and Attitudes. Annals of Tourism Research 14: 420-429. Perdue, R. & Long, P. (1990). Rural Resident Tourism Perceptions and Attitudes by Community Level of Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 28 (3), 3-9. Pizam, A. (1978). Tourism’s Impacts: The Social Costs to the Destination Community as Perceived by Residents. Journal of Travel Research. 16 (4): 8-12. Sheldon, P. and Abenoja, T. (2001). Residents attitudes in a mature destination: the case of Waikiki. Tourism Management. Vol. 22 (5): 435-443. Sheldon, P. and Var, T. (1984). Resident attitudes to tourism in North Walles. Tourism Management, 5: 40-47. Sirgy, M. (2001). Handbook of Quality-Of-Life Research: An ethical marketing perspective. Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Sirgy, M. (2002). The Psychology of Quality of Life. Dordrecht: K. Academic Publishers. Skidmore, W.(1975). Theorectical Thinking in Sociology. London: Cambridge Univ. Press. Turner, J. (1986). The Structure of Sociological Theory. Chicago II: The Dorsey Press. Uriely, N. and Reichel, A. (2002). Heritage Proximity and Resident Attitude toward Tourism Development. Annals of Tourism Research 29: 859-861. Veenhoven, R. (2005). Apparent Quality-of-life in Nations – How Long and Happy People Live. Social Indicators Research. Vol. 71: 61-68. Veenhoven, R. (2010) World Database of Happiness, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Available at: http://worlddtabasedofhappiness.eur.nl. Assessed at 10/03/1010. World Health Organization - WHOQOL GROUP (2010). Portuguese version: Instrumentos de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida, Organização Mundial De Saúde/Divisão De Saúde Mental. Retrieved January 19, 2010 from http://www.ufrgs.br/Psiq/whoqol1.html. World Tourism Organization – Mission Statement (2004). Retrieved September 23, 2008 from http://www.unwto.org/sdt/mission/en/mission.php.
Expectations of Health Tourists in Germany – Illusions and Reality Monika Rulle Department of Geography and Geology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Makarenkostr. 22, 17487 Greifswald, Germany rulle@uni-greifswald.de Abstract Health tourism in Germany was once strongly supported by the social security system. Today, destinations of health tourism have to attract more than ever the privately paying guests. In a first step, the paper discusses general questions about modern health tourism. A special focus was taken on the development of Medical Wellness. With the help of a nationwide representative telephone survey, Germans were questioned about their interest in health holidays. In the second step, preferences to different offers and the satisfaction with these services were researched. In the case study, health tourists in destinations in Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania were questioned. A comparison between the two surveys reveals much difference between the mere interest in the offers and the actual use of them. The additional cluster analysis defined three main target groups: married middle-aged women, younger unmarried men and persons age 65 plus. Keywords: health tourism, visitor expectations, customer satisfaction, target groups, Germany The situation of health tourism in Germany The German tradition in health tourism is long and well-known. For centuries, spas were the centre of tourism activity, however mainly for the well-off people. The situation changed when in 1957 West Germany passed a law, which made spa treatments part of the regular benefits of the social security system. As a result of this, slowly the structure of the spas changed: the once romantic outline of the spas transformed into a setting often dominated by newly built large scale sanatoriums and clinics (Brittner, Stehle 2000). Simultaneously, the number of arrivals to spa destinations exploded: in West Germany figures grew from 5.2 million in 1977 to 9.3 million arrivals in 1998. In the German Democratic Republic, spa treatments were organized stately and the numbers of participants were far lower. After the reunification much financial support was necessary to develop the infrastructure to be nationally competitive (Deutscher Bäderverband 1998). Between 1999 and 2008, the number of arrivals in all German spas grew again from 16.6 million to 19.3 million. However, at the same time, the average number of overnight stays sank from 6.3 to 5.3. In 1999, the fraction of guests in German spa destination having their treatments funded by the social security system was only 10.6%, lower than ever (Deutscher Heilbäderverband 2009). On the consumer side, the demographic transition with a population growing older fast created new types of customers in recent years: patients with chronic, but stable diseases like diabetes as well as persons concerned about their health are searching now increasingly for medically supervised vacations, paid partially by health insurances or in total privately. Since the social system pays ever less for spa treatments, new ideas for the destinations become necessary in order to be attractive for the self-paying guest. In addition, many destinations, especially in the eastern part of Germany, need to revitalize their offers and infrastructure, as
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
Page 259 and 260: that people willing to pay slightly
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Page 263 and 264: HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
Page 265 and 266: • Service provided within the ins
Page 267 and 268: Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
Page 269 and 270: 16. Increasing interest in alternat
Page 271 and 272: APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
Page 273 and 274: point of view it means wholeness as
Page 275 and 276: Men Women International Playboy, Me
Page 277 and 278: elderly wanted to look like, to act
Page 279 and 280: Table 4. The number of experienced
Page 281 and 282: emains an open question when the sh
Page 283 and 284: Most important criteria when bookin
Page 285 and 286: The study investigates the performa
Page 287 and 288: The survey was distributed to 400 u
Page 289 and 290: Conclusions and Discussion In this
Page 291 and 292: A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
Page 293 and 294: year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
Page 295 and 296: although unintentionally, represent
Page 297 and 298: separated and I don't like being st
Page 299 and 300: Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
Page 301 and 302: Does tourism really contribute to o
Page 303 and 304: Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
Page 305 and 306: The theoretical significance of und
Page 307 and 308: Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
Page 309: Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
Page 313 and 314: 40%). Only those guests were includ
Page 315 and 316: accommodation, meals and health off
Page 317 and 318: Exploring The Relationship Between
Page 319 and 320: proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
Page 321 and 322: Table 1 Participant information ana
Page 323 and 324: Table 3 Well-being analysis result
Page 325 and 326: Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
Page 327 and 328: evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
Page 329 and 330: Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332: analytic model has several methodol
Page 333 and 334: From this survey, we selected sever
Page 335 and 336: Gulliver in the land of giants? The
Page 337 and 338: emergency cases. As the commonly kn
Page 339 and 340: Figure 1. The main factors of quali
Page 341 and 342: Surgical medical touristic market T
Page 343 and 344: • Seamless services: The professi
Page 345 and 346: of price-advantage segment. Due to
Page 347 and 348: Appendix 1. The characteristics of
Page 349 and 350: Appendix 2. The characteristics of
Page 351 and 352: Introduction Arguments for the need
Page 353 and 354: The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
Page 355 and 356: The statistics obtained from the su
Page 357 and 358: Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
Page 359 and 360: Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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