Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

used the product). This study combined Bed and Breakfast with specially themed activities,
recreation and healthy diet, therefore, choose health and well-being tourism, health and wellbeing
activities, healthy diets, healthy environment, and health products as the five
dimensions to measure satisfaction.
Leisure Involvement
Leisure involvement is when tourists are interested in leisure activities, sense their value and
importance, and further willing to involve in them. Rothschild (1984) and Havitz & Dimanche
(1999) considered leisure involvement as unobservable state of motivation, arousal or interest
toward a recreational activity, tourist location, or associated recreation facility and product. It
is evoked by particular stimulus or situation and has drive properties. As for the measurement
of leisure involvement, scholars indicated it should include social psychology and behavioral
dimensions (Gunter & Gunter, 1980; Kim et al., 1997). Csikszentmihayi (1975) measured
chess player’s leisure involvement by their competition frequency, time spent on it, and
number of associated books owned. Stone (1984) defined leisure involvement as the time and
effort one spent on participating in a leisure activity. Kim, Scott, & Crompton (1997) also
pointed out that participation frequency, money spent, travel mileage, skill, equipment owned,
associated books, and number of association participated could all be used to measure leisure
involvement. By integrating above literatures, this study would use time invested and level of
seriousness to measure leisure involvement.
Health Benefit
Healthy means there are no signs and symptoms of any kinds of illness. The appearance of
signs and symptoms represented the decrease of certain physiological function, and often
needs applicable treatments to recover to the original healthy state. Basic prevention is very
important to maintain healthy. This is to practice special protection method to promote one’s
health or prevent certain illness before it happens and damages body functions. This often
includes physical and psychological, and emotional health. Basic prevention can also be
categorized into health promotion and disease prevention, also called specific protection.
Health promotion is an approach behavior, it uses actualizing tendency as guidance, direct
individual to maintain or enhance health, actualize and have positive attitude, and indicates
one can actively create new positive behaviors. Health associated elements such as education,
environment and support are also combined to create activates that help promote a healthy
life, and its purpose is to let people have better control over their own health.
Benefit is achieving a goal, which includes goals achieved by participating in leisure
activities, and the participants believe that the leisure activity can help them reach that goal
(Ajzen, 1991). Leisure benefit is the subjective feeling of improvement and satisfaction one
has during and after participating in leisure activities. Bammel and Burrus-Bammel (1982)
proposed six benefits of leisure, which included physiological benefits, social benefits,
relaxation benefits, education benefits, psychological benefits, and aesthetic benefits. Because
this study’s theme is health and well-being tourism, health and leisure benefits need to be
considered. Therefore, survey items including health, relaxation, anti-aging, sense of
accomplishment, and body shaping are used to measure health benefit.
Da-Muo Yijin Kung
Yijinjing is a traditional Chinese Kung-Fu Bodhidharma (Da-Muo) created to enhance health
and prevent sickness through a series of exercises. There are thirteen movements in this
exercise. The basic purpose of Yijinjing is to turn flaccid and frail sinews and tendons into
strong and sturdy ones. The movements of Yijinjing are at once vigorous and gentle. Their