Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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on families. Furthermore, the availability of thermal water is no predictor for any of the targeting strategies, neither is the size or the price level. Broadness of wellness offers The broadness of wellness offers was assessed by a sum score mapping how many treatments of a pre-defined list are offered per hotel. The list was generated by a priori-reasoning as well as by extracting and aggregating frequently mentioned treatments such as classical or Asian massages, hot stone treatments, baths, lymph drainage, and similar. Analyzing bivariate relationships, price level is the most marked variable to predict the broadness of offers (moderate relationship), followed by type of ownership. Not surprisingly, higher price level corresponds to a broader range of wellness offers. Most interestingly, all other variables considered by now do not play an important role regarding the broadness, especially not the availability of thermal water, and neither the addressed target group nor the size of the hotel. A multivariate consideration reveals a particular interaction: narrow offers are typical for hotels which are the perfect anti-type to the mountainous seasonal family-operated skiing hotel as discussed above, which means they are frequently found in year-round hotels which are neither family-operated nor in the mountains and not promoting skiing. Judging from the websites, the most popular wellness offers are – apart from the more or less ubiquitous baths or packages – Asian and classical massages, lymph drainage (all between 25 and 31 %) and hot stone treatments (14 %). Many features such as acupuncture are only offered by very few hotels, producing an extensive list of treatments which are found in at least one of the hotels under consideration. However, cluster analytic and factor analytic investigation could not reveal strong characteristic profiles or typical treatment combinations; rather the composition of offers seems idiosyncratic or, to put it bluntly, looks somewhat arbitrary. Broadness of beauty offers Similarly to the broadness of wellness offers, a characteristic for the broadness of beauty offers (facials, manicure, pedicure and similar) was defined and computed. As the most striking result, the broadness of wellness and beauty offers show an extremely large correlation (Spearman correlation � = 0.63, p < 0.001). This might not necessarily be due to the real treatment situation–it probably reflects to some part the general thoroughness of the hotel’s homepage, as well. Whatsoever, the relationship to price level is similar strong as the one of broadness of wellness offers. There is again and even slightly closer a connection to the mountainous seasonal family-operated skiing hotel type: generally speaking, the more characteristics of a hotel match this type, the more beauty treatments are offered by the websites. The most popular beauty features are facial treatments (47 %), followed by manicure (33 %) and pedicure (31 %). Manicure and pedicure are highly interrelated (Cramer’s V = 0.950), but with much weaker links to facial treatments (V = 0.424 or 0.380, resp.). Structure of offers Analyzing the structure of offers emphasizes the impression that wellness often appears as an add-on, as one feature additionally provided. For the analysis, the numbers of items from certain pre-defined target lists were evaluated per hotel, whereby there were separate lists for wellness treatments, beauty treatments, medical treatments, educational courses, training courses and promoted activities (such as sports outside the hotel). The largest correlation was between beauty and wellness treatments (Spearman correlation � = 0.63, p < 0.001), whereas numbers of wellness and medical treatments only showed � = 0.28 (p = 0.001). The mere size of the hotel (operationalized by the number of rooms) didn’t seem
to have an influence on these correlations and can be ruled out as relevant confounder. The factor analytical structure (Table 4) based on two components (with 57 % explained variance) splits these variables into one group stressing wellness, beauty and promoted activities, and one stressing medical treatments and educational courses. Training courses somehow range in between. Table 4: Factorial structure of offers Factor loadings Factor Factor 1 2 Wellness treatments 0.78 0.24 Beauty treatments 0.83 0.11 Medical treatments 0.09 0.71 Educational courses -0.05 0.79 Training courses 0.49 0.47 Promoted activities 0.62 -0.22 A multidimensional scaling visualization (based on z-standardized values) points out the similarity between wellness and beauty in the sample very drastically, in a two-dimensional mapping of the 6 characteristics the numbers of wellness and beauty offers are immediate neighbors to each other, whereas the distance between wellness and medical offers is much larger (Table 5). An illustrative example may be the presence of nutrition courses which correlates moderately with the number of medical treatments (� = 0.231, p = 0.007) but close to zero with the number of wellness or beauty treatments. Table 5: Configuration of offers in a two-dimensional space Indeed, the contrast between wellness/beauty/activities vs. medical treatments/educational courses as indicated by factor analysis can be related to other characteristics of the hotels. A linear regression analysis identified three predictors for a wide offer of “soft” applications (wellness and beauty area): being family-operated, promoting skiing and being expensive (adjusted r² = 0.13, p < 0.001; Table 6). Accordingly, broadness of wellness and beauty offers is specific for family-operated hotels which promote other activities such as skiing as well – and which have high room rates.
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
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UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
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development but, three years later,
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Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
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URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
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Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
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Whether we opt for more realistic s
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focused on the paradigm of wellness
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immediately followed by specific ho
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particular reference must be made o
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Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
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tourism is a lucrative activity for
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Functional value Functional value i
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“Before my operation, I did exten
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The table below recapitulates the m
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Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
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Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
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will replace chemical materials; ad
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Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
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producers of the cosmecuticals to a
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Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
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scheme, although this theoretically
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study identifying the motivation of
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highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
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ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
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Understanding mature traveller’s
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attention to the mature travellers
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Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
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• To distinguish spring and spa t
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Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
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Budapest as film location The power
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Usually viewers attach an icon to t
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In the second part of the questionn
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Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
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health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
Page 139 and 140: Today´s health spa hotels are most
Page 141 and 142: without spa facilities and service
Page 143 and 144: Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
Page 145 and 146: customer is value, which at each gi
Page 147 and 148: experiences that renew the spirit.
Page 149 and 150: eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
Page 151 and 152: The results of this study support t
Page 153 and 154: Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
Page 155 and 156: and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
Page 157 and 158: listed reasons in more general leve
Page 159 and 160: One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
Page 161 and 162: Discussions and Conclusions The aim
Page 163 and 164: Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
Page 165 and 166: While wellness tourism in Australia
Page 167 and 168: Cairns, which has been suffering fr
Page 169 and 170: significantly from there, so if the
Page 171 and 172: Other factors raised by participant
Page 173 and 174: Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
Page 175 and 176: The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
Page 177 and 178: The mission of the World Acadian Co
Page 179 and 180: Table 1 Positive social impacts of
Page 181 and 182: The Acadians’ quest for pride and
Page 183 and 184: Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
Page 185 and 186: and other characteristics of the ho
Page 187 and 188: Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
Page 189: Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
Page 193 and 194: Purification 11 Application of alte
Page 195 and 196: Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
Page 197 and 198: The term multidimensional scaling (
Page 199 and 200: Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
Page 201 and 202: Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
Page 203 and 204: Group one account for 37% of the va
Page 205 and 206: Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
Page 207 and 208: Social indicator systems Social ind
Page 209 and 210: 1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
Page 211 and 212: However, according to Table 1, it a
Page 213 and 214: Since the TSTAR database does not h
Page 215 and 216: the hundred happiest settlements re
Page 217 and 218: Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
Page 219 and 220: Method: A Case Study Approach The a
Page 221 and 222: methodologies, and educational trav
Page 223 and 224: and times the data was collected, F
Page 225 and 226: SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
Page 227 and 228: Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
Page 229 and 230: Measurement of the Economic Impacts
Page 231 and 232: o The macro and micro environment r
Page 233 and 234: Employment impacts During our analy
Page 235 and 236: • The examined wellness hotels we
Page 237 and 238: Total number of available beds (acc
Page 239 and 240: • Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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