Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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marketing implications in conjunction with the theoretical framework, will add to knowledge of the practical spring/spa market and will highlight methodological concerns in further research Data analysis and discussion A principal component factor analysis was used to investigate the importance push-and-pull factors within the Taiwanese mature travel groups, the underlying motivations of travellers, and the differences in terms of destination attributes. Independent samples T-test was used to compare the difference between the means of two groups, such as the mean push factors of male and female travellers in spring destination or if there are any significant differences between two means according to the demographic characteristics. Demographic Profile A summary of the demographic characteristics examined is show below in Table 1. The sample was composed of the 200 mature traveller respondents from health spring/spa destinations. It shows that 61.5% of respondents were males 38.5% were females. The majority of the mature travellers to spring/spa were male, compared with younger group in which over half of younger respondents were female. 42.5% of respondents were aged between 50 and 54, only 27.5% were over 60 years old with a mean of 57.1. The majority of population in Taiwan was young age group (15-45), while 73.3% mature group (45-65) and a minority (nearly 11%) aged 65 and above. Overall the sample of Taiwanese spring/spa mature travellers was less highly educated with college or university degree. 34.5% of respondents present that they are retired and others state their occupation as business owner. The similarity to white-collar worker (31.5%) was the most common occupation from respondents. When considering aspects of individual health status, most Taiwanese mature travellers generally replied that they perceived their own health to be good (50%) or excellent (15.5%). Only 3% of mature travellers feel they have some health problems, and 6.5% of them feel that they have poor health (either in physical or mental health in their daily living, including disease, impairment, disability, and handicap).
Table 1 Travellers’ demographic profile (N = 200) Mature travellers (N=200) Frequency (%) Gender Female 77 (38.5) Male 123(61.5) Education Under college 130 (65) College above 68 (34) Income Under NT$10,000 28 (14) NT$10,001-NT$20,000 26 (13) NT$20,001-NT$30,000 38 (19) NT$30,001-NT$40,000 42 (21) NT$40,001-NT$50,000 28 (14) NT$50,001 and over 37 (18.5) Health Bad 6 (3) Poor 13 (6.5) Fair 50 (25) Good 100 (50) Excellent 31 (15.5) Occupation Blue-collar worker 47 (23.5) White-collar worker 63 (31.5) Professional 21 (10.5) Retired and Others 69 (34.5) Travel Behaviour The result in travel behaviour shows nearly 77% of respondents indicate that they tend to a visit spring/spa destination more than once each year, whereas the remainders visit spring/spa destinations only annually. The vast majority of respondents (about 77%) have visited spring/spa destinations more than once before, whereas the rest have visited spring/spa destinations for the first time. This result indicates that Taiwanese mature travellers have experience in purchasing spring/spa products. The majority of respondents indicated that they usually make visit to spring/spa destinations or stay only one night in these destinations. This suggests that mature travellers in Taiwan generally stay for a very short time at spring/spa destinations. Nearly half of respondents reported that they have visited natural spring/spa destinations for curative purposes. In visiting group, more than half of the respondents (60%) were travelling with family as the primary party, and about 30% visited spring/spa with friends and colleagues. The social change in Taiwan increased opportunities for target marketing based on different family life cycle stages, for example, increased economic status and leisure time combined with shorter working hours in modern life. The notion of travelling with family members was the most
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Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
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Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
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Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
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ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
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Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
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Literature Review Health and Spa To
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Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
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Push factors Internal motives - phy
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Respondents were the international
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Perceptions, learning and attitudes
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Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
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elaxation as this is generally the
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Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
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According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
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Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
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A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
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RP Care is an innovative modular ex
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The introduction of its modular bus
Page 37 and 38: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
Page 39 and 40: development but, three years later,
Page 41 and 42: Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
Page 43 and 44: URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
Page 45 and 46: Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
Page 47 and 48: Whether we opt for more realistic s
Page 49 and 50: focused on the paradigm of wellness
Page 51 and 52: immediately followed by specific ho
Page 53 and 54: particular reference must be made o
Page 55 and 56: Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
Page 57 and 58: tourism is a lucrative activity for
Page 59 and 60: Functional value Functional value i
Page 61 and 62: “Before my operation, I did exten
Page 63 and 64: The table below recapitulates the m
Page 65 and 66: Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
Page 67 and 68: Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
Page 69 and 70: will replace chemical materials; ad
Page 71 and 72: Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
Page 73 and 74: producers of the cosmecuticals to a
Page 75 and 76: Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
Page 83 and 84: ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
Page 87: attention to the mature travellers
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
Page 103 and 104: health as “a state of complete ph
Page 105 and 106: how much exercise they get. Two-thi
Page 107 and 108: arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
Page 109 and 110: The use of the internet in wellness
Page 111 and 112: The main characteristics of Portugu
Page 113 and 114: 29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
Page 115 and 116: ongoing consumer and industry resea
Page 117 and 118: Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
Page 119 and 120: more than a handful of links were o
Page 121 and 122: Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
Page 123 and 124: The Czech Republic is rich in spas
Page 125 and 126: Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
Page 127 and 128: the total fertility exceeded the va
Page 129 and 130: 1. Waters - the internal and extern
Page 131 and 132: • N - Postoperative and posttraum
Page 133 and 134: Foreign guests at accommodation fac
Page 135 and 136: Table 6 shows the number of guests
Page 137 and 138: M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
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Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
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The theoretical significance of und
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Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
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Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
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Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
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analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
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Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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Appendix
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