Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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this universe, which is in itself already particular. In the case of the First Experience SPA Goers (40.6%) and the Men SPA Goers (32.9%) there is a distinct positioning. In this case health habits and care are also greater than that of the general population, although just as in frequency of visits, lesser than that of Fans SPA Goers. Limitations The first limitation of this study is the fact that it focuses on the reality of one single country in matters which tend to be global in nature. It is important to stress that Portugal is integrated in Europe, a region where the SPA sector and social significance are not as expressive as in other parts of the world and so the phase of development of this market cannot be underestimated. The second limitation of this study pertains to its period of application, which for technical and financial reasons was limited to a few months when a full year of application would have been preferable. Conclusions The development of the SPA market and the consumers associated seem to a great extent to reflect a set of new ideals and a new vision associated to health and its management. Centred on a positivist acceptation of health, where well-being is the dominating theme, SPAs have reinvented themselves and have reinvented the whole ideal of health. In the SPA image, health has also tended to diversify and conquer new domains thus transforming the universe and the imaginary of health tourism, now sustained by a vaster range of services. This is an evident reality in the consumer universe of -Salut per Aqua-, which goes much further than the traditional concept associated to water in favour of new holistic techniques and services founded on principals of relaxation and massage. This is the affirmation of a new, responsible and proactive philosophy which is the antithesis of that which had previously prevailed. References Clarke, Adele E., Janet K. Shim, Laura Mamo, Jennifer Ruth Fosket, and Jennifer R. Fishman (2003), “Biomedicalization: Techno - scientific Transformations of Health, Illness, and U.S. Biomedicine”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 68, No. 2, pp. 161–94. Cohen, M. (2008), “SPAs, wellness and human evolution”, in Cohen, M. & Bodeker, G. (Eds.). Understanding the global SPA industry, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, pp. 3- 25. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions [EFILWC] (2004). “Health and social services – visions for the future” Available at: http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/emcc/content/source/tn03008a.htm?p1=sectorfutures&p 2=null (accessed 12 May 2008). Fox, N & Ward, K (2006), “Health identities: from expert patient to resisting consumer.” Health, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 461-479. Galvin, R. (2002), “Disturbing Notions of Chronic Illness and Individual Responsibility: Towards a Genealogy of Morals”, Health, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 107-137. Haden, L. (2007), SPA Tourism - Travel & Tourism Analyst, London, Mintel. Messerli, H. & Oyama, Y. (2004), Health and Wellness Tourism -Global-, Mintel, London. Minkler, M. (1989), “Health Education, health promotion and the open society: an historical perspective”, Health Education & Behavior, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp.17-30. Rose, N. (2001), “The politics of life itself”, Theory, Culture & Society, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 1- 30. Sfez, L. (1997), A Saúde Perfeita – Críticas de uma Utopia, Lisbon, Instituto Piaget. Smith, M. & Puczkó, L. (2008), Health and Wellness Tourism, Butterworth-Heinemann, London.
Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American and European SPAs”, in Cohen, M. & Bodeker, G. (Eds.), Understanding the global SPA industry, Butterworth-Heinemann, London, pp. 26-40. Thanem, T. & Linstead, S. (2007), “The New Public Health and the Struggle to Manage Healthy Bodies”, in The Fifth International Critical Management Studies Conference - Stream: Managing the Self: Identity, Consumption and Choice, 11-13 May, Manchester, United Kingdom available at: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz/ejrot/cmsconference/2007/proceedings/managingtheself/t hanem.pdf (accessed 20 August 2009) Vigarello, G. (1985), O limpo e o sujo: a higiene do corpo desde a Idade Média, Fragmentos, Lisbon, Weber, M. (1989), “Classes, Status e Partidos”, in Cruz, M (Ed.), Teorias Sociológicas. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisbon, Vol. 1, pp.737-752. WHO (1986), The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion - First International Conference on Health Promotion (accessed 30 June 2008). Williams, S. (2006), “Medical sociology and the biological body: where are we now and where do we go from here?”. Health, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 5-30. Yeoman, I. (2008), Tomorrow’s Tourist, Butterworth-Heinemann, London
Page 1 and 2:
Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
Page 5 and 6: Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
Page 7 and 8: ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
Page 9 and 10: Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
Page 11 and 12: Literature Review Health and Spa To
Page 13 and 14: Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
Page 15 and 16: Push factors Internal motives - phy
Page 17 and 18: Respondents were the international
Page 19 and 20: Perceptions, learning and attitudes
Page 21 and 22: Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
Page 23 and 24: elaxation as this is generally the
Page 25 and 26: Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
Page 27 and 28: According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
Page 29 and 30: Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
Page 31 and 32: A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
Page 33 and 34: RP Care is an innovative modular ex
Page 35 and 36: The introduction of its modular bus
Page 37 and 38: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
Page 39 and 40: development but, three years later,
Page 41 and 42: Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
Page 43 and 44: URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
Page 45 and 46: Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
Page 47 and 48: Whether we opt for more realistic s
Page 49 and 50: focused on the paradigm of wellness
Page 51 and 52: immediately followed by specific ho
Page 53: particular reference must be made o
Page 57 and 58: tourism is a lucrative activity for
Page 59 and 60: Functional value Functional value i
Page 61 and 62: “Before my operation, I did exten
Page 63 and 64: The table below recapitulates the m
Page 65 and 66: Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
Page 67 and 68: Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
Page 69 and 70: will replace chemical materials; ad
Page 71 and 72: Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
Page 73 and 74: producers of the cosmecuticals to a
Page 75 and 76: Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
Page 83 and 84: ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
Page 87 and 88: attention to the mature travellers
Page 89 and 90: Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
Page 103 and 104: health as “a state of complete ph
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how much exercise they get. Two-thi
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arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
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The use of the internet in wellness
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The main characteristics of Portugu
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29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
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ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
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more than a handful of links were o
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Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
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Discussions and Conclusions The aim
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Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
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While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
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Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
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The mission of the World Acadian Co
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Table 1 Positive social impacts of
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The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
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Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
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Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
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The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
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The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
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Conclusions and Discussion In this
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A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
Page 299 and 300:
Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
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Does tourism really contribute to o
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Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
Page 305 and 306:
The theoretical significance of und
Page 307 and 308:
Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
Page 309 and 310:
Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
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Expectations of Health Tourists in
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40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
Page 317 and 318:
Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
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Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
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Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332:
analytic model has several methodol
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From this survey, we selected sever
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Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
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Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
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Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
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Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
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Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
Page 371 and 372:
Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
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Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
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Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
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Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
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The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
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The country itself could profit muc
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