Health, Wellness and Tourism: healthy tourists, healthy business ...

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various timetables and obligations to comply with, traffic and the urban rhythm of life in general) – 36.9% of those questioned mentioned they had a very stressful daily life, the “environment” (pollution, area of residence) “interpersonal and economic constraints” (family wellness, resources/economic limitations) are major issues. Among the “other” factors referred, are “genetic/hereditary”, “epidemics” and “frequenting places which are also frequented by smokers”. When confronting those questioned with their wellness practices, on the one hand we see the prevalence of the aforementioned set of personal care initiatives with the objective of achieving a healthy life, such as “physical activity” (67.1%), “food and diet”, recourse to alternative medicine and techniques and visits to SPAs – 33.7% – here, this is a systematically mentioned and autonomous category in contrast with that initially observed, and on the other hand, a set of practices diverse in nature. This new universe encompasses sociability practices – 24.6% – (for example: dinner with friends, going on family outings, going out in the evening with friends) and hobbies – 21.0% – (for example: travelling, going to the cinema or theatre, listening to music, reading, painting, gardening, etc.). Recognition of the importance of physical exercise and an appropriate diet for a healthy life is reinforced by the general incorporation of these practices in lifestyles. Among those questioned 71.2% regularly exercise or include exercise in their lifestyle, with only 28.7% of individuals never having practised regular exercise or only now not involved in regular exercise. As regards, special care with food and diet (for example: purchasing diet or organic products etc.) and as mentioned, the scenario is very identical in that 70.2% of individuals regularly watch what they eat and actually consider it an integral part of their lifestyle. Additionally, 70.1% of those questioned take or have taken food supplements, while 34.1% take or have taken weight control products (natural or synthetic) These two care initiatives are reflected namely in the body mass index (BMI) of those questioned (23.2 Kg/m 2 ). Overall, the sample shows that 69.5% of SPA goers present a normal or below average BMI. There is yet another set of practices and habits complimentary to those mentioned, for example, the non-consumption of alcoholic drinks and/or no smoking. Among those questioned, 51.3% do not drink alcoholic beverages outside mealtimes or do so very rarely while 41.9% of individuals limit consumption to the weekends and special occasions. In this sample, 69.4% of individuals are non-smokers and only 18.1% smoke. The remainder are occasional smokers (particularly at parties or commemorative events). This series of care initiatives is complemented by a set of monitoring practices such as simple weight watching. This habit is common to 59.5% of those questioned, with the vast majority routinely watching their weight at home. In addition to weight watching, 80.4% of the SPA goers who make up our sample regularly have medical check-ups and in this particular universe 56.7% do so on their own initiative with 43.3% acting based upon medical recommendation. This scenario inverts only in the case of illness, upon which 66.3% resort primarily to a doctor and 33.7% initially seek out the chemist (12.2%), self-medicate, (11.9%) or turn to alternative medicine (9.6%). The use of health management equipment in the home is another common practice. Overall, 52.9% of those questioned have equipment at home, with 28.5% having medical equipment (such as blood pressure, glycaemia or cholesterol measurement devices etc.) and 38% have physical fitness equipment (for example: bicycle, exercise machines, etc.). These practices incorporate yet another formative/informative dimension on health, sustained by women and men’s magazines, which are assiduously read by 52.6% of SPA goer respondents. Here,
particular reference must be made of the women’s magazine Happy Woman (17.9%) and the men’s magazine Men’s Health (7.8%). The internet complements this information source, with the specific objective of obtaining information necessary to health management by 63.5% of questioned SPA goers, as well as regular reading of specialized magazines and books on health (40.4%). Despite the overwhelming majority of those questioned being beneficiaries of their respective national health systems (84.2%), 65.7% have also taken out additional health insurance coverage. Finally, and as regards specific beauty care, 78.1% of the sample regularly consume typical beauty products and 21.0% use or have used the latest technologies to carry out plastic surgery treatments (for example: lifting, liposuction etc.), slimming or cellulite treatments, laser hair removal or skin rejuvenation. When applying the TwoStep agglomeration technique, with a view to identifying clusters within the universe of SPA consumers, we identify three clusters: Fans SPA Goers, First Experience SPA Goers, Men SPA Goers Figure 1 – SPA Goers by cluster in relation to the use of SPAs and other health care responsibility uses FIRST EXPERIENCE SPA GOERS - MEN SPA GOERS Health Management Responsability + - SPA FANS GOERS Source: Author SPA Services Consumptio The figure presented allows us to verify how the differences between the respective clusters can be systemized by the regularity in SPA practices and by the responsibility as to health, expressed in frequency and health practice categories. The Fans SPA Goers (19.8%) demonstrate a high level of SPA practice and regularity with the frequency of SPA use and consumption being as significant as other habits and regularities as regards health care. This cluster has a positioning in terms of body and health management which is singular within +
Page 1 and 2: Health, Wellness and Tourism: healt
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements TTRA Europe would
Page 5 and 6: Kai Illing, Professor, Joanneum, Au
Page 7 and 8: ELISABETH IXMEIER Elisabeth Ixmeier
Page 9 and 10: Health and Spa Tourism Business: To
Page 11 and 12: Literature Review Health and Spa To
Page 13 and 14: Yoon & Uysal (2005) stated that pus
Page 15 and 16: Push factors Internal motives - phy
Page 17 and 18: Respondents were the international
Page 19 and 20: Perceptions, learning and attitudes
Page 21 and 22: Table 2 Themes of Motivation Factor
Page 23 and 24: elaxation as this is generally the
Page 25 and 26: Oh, H. C., Uysal, M. and Weaver, P.
Page 27 and 28: According to Ajzen, “persuasive c
Page 29 and 30: Behavioural Control: Workload Lack
Page 31 and 32: A Case Study of Innovative Wellness
Page 33 and 34: RP Care is an innovative modular ex
Page 35 and 36: The introduction of its modular bus
Page 37 and 38: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF LEISURE
Page 39 and 40: development but, three years later,
Page 41 and 42: Hamer, D., & Connor, B. (2004).Trav
Page 43 and 44: URBAN ZEN - AND HOW TO EXPLORE THIS
Page 45 and 46: Health Tourism - The SPA Goers in P
Page 47 and 48: Whether we opt for more realistic s
Page 49 and 50: focused on the paradigm of wellness
Page 51: immediately followed by specific ho
Page 55 and 56: Tabbachi, M. (2008), “American an
Page 57 and 58: tourism is a lucrative activity for
Page 59 and 60: Functional value Functional value i
Page 61 and 62: “Before my operation, I did exten
Page 63 and 64: The table below recapitulates the m
Page 65 and 66: Herrick, D. M. (2007). Medical tour
Page 67 and 68: Cosmeceuticals in wellness tourism
Page 69 and 70: will replace chemical materials; ad
Page 71 and 72: Issues in Co-branding and Co-creati
Page 73 and 74: producers of the cosmecuticals to a
Page 75 and 76: Lee, C. L. & Decker, R. (2008). A s
Page 77 and 78: scheme, although this theoretically
Page 79 and 80: study identifying the motivation of
Page 81 and 82: highlighted by Folland et al (2001)
Page 83 and 84: ackgrounds is expected to accomplis
Page 85 and 86: Understanding mature traveller’s
Page 87 and 88: attention to the mature travellers
Page 89 and 90: Table 1 Travellers’ demographic p
Page 91 and 92: • To distinguish spring and spa t
Page 93 and 94: Budapest’s thermal spas on screen
Page 95 and 96: Budapest as film location The power
Page 97 and 98: Usually viewers attach an icon to t
Page 99 and 100: In the second part of the questionn
Page 101 and 102: Riley R. & Van Doren C. (1992) Movi
Page 103 and 104:
health as “a state of complete ph
Page 105 and 106:
how much exercise they get. Two-thi
Page 107 and 108:
arts, comedy clubs and festivals) w
Page 109 and 110:
The use of the internet in wellness
Page 111 and 112:
The main characteristics of Portugu
Page 113 and 114:
29 Termas de Unhais da Serra 30 Ter
Page 115 and 116:
ongoing consumer and industry resea
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Name Table 2. Spa websites analysed
Page 119 and 120:
more than a handful of links were o
Page 121 and 122:
Health Spa and Wellness - Competiti
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The Czech Republic is rich in spas
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Foreign Exchange Receipts and Expen
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the total fertility exceeded the va
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1. Waters - the internal and extern
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• N - Postoperative and posttraum
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Foreign guests at accommodation fac
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Table 6 shows the number of guests
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M. Zuckerman defines wellness as pr
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Today´s health spa hotels are most
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without spa facilities and service
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Ten Spa Domains. Downloaded from: h
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customer is value, which at each gi
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experiences that renew the spirit.
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eigenvalue 3.668, function 2 explai
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The results of this study support t
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Smith M, & Puczko´ L (2009). Healt
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and Bushell (2009, 11) have defined
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listed reasons in more general leve
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One 54 (13.3) Yes 180 (44.3) 2-4 21
Page 161 and 162:
Discussions and Conclusions The aim
Page 163 and 164:
Kelly, C. & Smith, M. (2009). Holis
Page 165 and 166:
While wellness tourism in Australia
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Cairns, which has been suffering fr
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significantly from there, so if the
Page 171 and 172:
Other factors raised by participant
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Connell, J. (2006b). Medical touris
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The Impact of a Festive Event on Re
Page 177 and 178:
The mission of the World Acadian Co
Page 179 and 180:
Table 1 Positive social impacts of
Page 181 and 182:
The Acadians’ quest for pride and
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Ap, J., & Crompton, J. (1998). Deve
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and other characteristics of the ho
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Figure 1). Many of the hotels take
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Target groups As shown in Figure 2,
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to have an influence on these corre
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Purification 11 Application of alte
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Mueller H. and Lanz-Kaufmann E. (20
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The term multidimensional scaling (
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Figure 3 shows the split of bednigh
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Note: Objects: 32. Proximities: 496
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Group one account for 37% of the va
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Measurement of Tourism-oriented Asp
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Social indicator systems Social ind
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1999/2000, Table 1. presents the me
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However, according to Table 1, it a
Page 213 and 214:
Since the TSTAR database does not h
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the hundred happiest settlements re
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Managing Cost, Revenue and Yield in
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Method: A Case Study Approach The a
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methodologies, and educational trav
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and times the data was collected, F
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SALA RIES AN D W AGES 18.17% PROFES
Page 227 and 228:
Table 11 Treatment and revenue rate
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Measurement of the Economic Impacts
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o The macro and micro environment r
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Employment impacts During our analy
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• The examined wellness hotels we
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Total number of available beds (acc
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• Our analysis showed that new jo
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City of Budapest is seen as a touri
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of the area will also grow by marke
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of the case studies will be present
Page 247 and 248:
The water is radio-active and conta
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Conclusions In our changing environ
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no exception. Already, patients are
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Data regarding levels of training o
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Figure 2 - Graph showing price will
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Table 13 - Typical hospital costs f
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that people willing to pay slightly
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Continue follow-up care in the UK F
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HEALTH TOURISM IN IZMIR: POTENTIAL,
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• Service provided within the ins
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Table 2 - SWOT Analysis of Health T
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16. Increasing interest in alternat
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APPENDIX 1 Interview Questions 1. M
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point of view it means wholeness as
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Men Women International Playboy, Me
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elderly wanted to look like, to act
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Table 4. The number of experienced
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emains an open question when the sh
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Most important criteria when bookin
Page 285 and 286:
The study investigates the performa
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The survey was distributed to 400 u
Page 289 and 290:
Conclusions and Discussion In this
Page 291 and 292:
A Comparative Analysis of Spa Touri
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year-long Ottoman occupation: the T
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although unintentionally, represent
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separated and I don't like being st
Page 299 and 300:
Creighton, M. (1997): Consuming Rur
Page 301 and 302:
Does tourism really contribute to o
Page 303 and 304:
Africa (mainly Cape Verde, Angola a
Page 305 and 306:
The theoretical significance of und
Page 307 and 308:
Veenhoven (2005:61) “quality-of-l
Page 309 and 310:
Brunt and Courtney (1999). Brunt, P
Page 311 and 312:
Expectations of Health Tourists in
Page 313 and 314:
40%). Only those guests were includ
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accommodation, meals and health off
Page 317 and 318:
Exploring The Relationship Between
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proposed at 1975 by Cskiszentmihaly
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Table 1 Participant information ana
Page 323 and 324:
Table 3 Well-being analysis result
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Csikszentmihalyi, M.,(1990), Flow:
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evident in Ancient Greece and Rome.
Page 329 and 330:
Resort spas - Sometimes called ‘a
Page 331 and 332:
analytic model has several methodol
Page 333 and 334:
From this survey, we selected sever
Page 335 and 336:
Gulliver in the land of giants? The
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emergency cases. As the commonly kn
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Figure 1. The main factors of quali
Page 341 and 342:
Surgical medical touristic market T
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• Seamless services: The professi
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of price-advantage segment. Due to
Page 347 and 348:
Appendix 1. The characteristics of
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Appendix 2. The characteristics of
Page 351 and 352:
Introduction Arguments for the need
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The DOSTWELL Wellness Quality Seal
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The statistics obtained from the su
Page 357 and 358:
Table 1 Sample of the Classificatio
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Goebel, G., Kapfensteiner, C., Wenz
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interest activity and health and we
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performance calls for a unity of wi
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Table 2 - Learning Commitment Analy
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higher the tourists satisfaction in
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supporting factors and resources, d
Page 371 and 372:
Sustainable Wellness Tourism Destin
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In tourism marketing Savonlinna has
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The role and actions of Savonlinna
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Haaga-Helia (2010). DP in Experienc
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Hall, M. (2003) Spa and Health Tour
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excellent capabilities. Despite of
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Australian Wellness Tourism Provide
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thrills and excitement which someti
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The actual responses were compared
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therapies such as Feldenkrais, acup
Page 391 and 392:
Table 2: Average Number of Employee
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As expected, Day Spas and Beauty Sp
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Snoj & Mumel, 2002). Furthermore, r
Page 397 and 398:
Cooper, C. P., Fletcher, J., Noble,
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The Exploration of the Perceived Tr
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The key question in market segmenta
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significantly from each other. Ther
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Table 3 Cross-table of Background o
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4. Travel benefit perception reflec
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http://www.oxfordreference.com/view
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summary or as a commonly accepted b
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Third, these proxy prototypes were
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Table 2 Main travel purpose of the
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Table 4 Non-response shares for des
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Figure 1 Image positions of five As
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Figure 2 Image positions of five Eu
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piecemeal hypothesis and an undiffe
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Taasci, A.D.A. and Kozak, M. (2006)
Page 427 and 428:
Among the economic factors determin
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The demographic profile of the dent
Page 431 and 432:
The main part of the tourists’ ex
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Interview II was with the Chief Den
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anchor point of the dental tourism
Page 437 and 438:
The country itself could profit muc
Page 439 and 440:
Appendix
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