Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
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48 ‘Lex’ (<strong>Sheria</strong>) Kama Neno Jingine Mbadala k<strong>wa</strong>‘Di<strong>ni</strong>’<br />
‘LEX’ (SHERIA)<br />
KAMA NENO JINGINE MBADALA KWA ‘DINI’: SOMO<br />
KUTOKA ZAMA ZA KATI (1992) 54<br />
Utangulizi na Rousas J. Rushdoony: “Tunathami<strong>ni</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> huu <strong>ni</strong> moja <strong>ya</strong><br />
pembuzi zilizo muhimu kabisa tulizo<strong>wa</strong>hi kuzichapa”.<br />
Katika maana na katika asili <strong>ya</strong> kidi<strong>ni</strong>, kii<strong>ni</strong> cha maadili na sheria chaweza<br />
kudhihirish<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> lugha mbalimbali ambazo k<strong>wa</strong>zo neno tuliitalo leo ‘di<strong>ni</strong>’<br />
(religion) liliku<strong>wa</strong> sa<strong>wa</strong> na neno ‘sheria’.<br />
Neno la zama<strong>ni</strong> la Kijeruma<strong>ni</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> neno di<strong>ni</strong> ‘e’ au ‘e<strong>wa</strong>’ humaa<strong>ni</strong>sha ‘sheria <strong>ya</strong><br />
kimungu’ au ‘amri’. Di<strong>ni</strong> nyingine zilitazam<strong>wa</strong> kama sheria nyingine. Baada <strong>ya</strong><br />
makabila <strong>ya</strong> Kijeruma<strong>ni</strong> kuupokea Ukristo neno hili na maana <strong>ya</strong>ke havikupotea<br />
mara moja. ‘E’ lika<strong>wa</strong> neno ‘agano’ katika ‘Agano la Kale’ (‘diu alte e’) na<br />
‘Agano Jip<strong>ya</strong>’ (‘diu <strong>ni</strong>uwe e’). 55<br />
Maana <strong>ya</strong> istilahi ‘di<strong>ni</strong>’ katika hali <strong>ya</strong>ke <strong>ya</strong> sasa <strong>ni</strong> matokeo <strong>ya</strong> Mapinduzi <strong>ya</strong><br />
Kifaransa na kipindi cha M<strong>wa</strong>ko. Kama Ernst Feil alivyoonesha 56 istilahi hiyo<br />
haiku<strong>wa</strong> histilahi kuu <strong>ya</strong> kujumuisha pamoja ima<strong>ni</strong> mbalimbali na miungu<br />
mbalimbali. Kabla na katika Zama za Kati, ‘lex’ iliku<strong>wa</strong> <strong>ni</strong> istilahi iliyotumika<br />
mara nyingi kuliko yoyote katika kutoa jina la ka<strong>wa</strong>ida k<strong>wa</strong> Mkristo, M<strong>ya</strong>hudi,<br />
Mwislamu 57 na <strong>wa</strong>kati mwingine k<strong>wa</strong> di<strong>ni</strong> nyingine.<br />
Augustine aliweza kuzungumzia ‘Christiana lex’ (Devera religione 27:20)<br />
<strong>wa</strong>kati alipoku<strong>wa</strong> akiongea <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> di<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong> Kikristo au alinga<strong>ni</strong>shapo ima<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong><br />
Kikristo na ‘sheria’ nyingine na di<strong>ni</strong> nyingine. ‘Religio’ k<strong>wa</strong> Augustine <strong>ni</strong> neno<br />
moja tu kati <strong>ya</strong> mengine katika kutaja di<strong>ni</strong> nyingine.<br />
John <strong>wa</strong> Salisbury (1115-1180) pia anatumia ‘lex’ sambamba na ‘religio<strong>ni</strong>s<br />
cultus’ au ‘fidei professio’ (Policratus IV:6; VI:17; VII:13). Raimundus Lullus<br />
anatumia ‘lex’ na ‘fidei’ (‘ima<strong>ni</strong>’) k<strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>ya</strong>changan<strong>ya</strong> (mf. Liber de Gentili et<br />
Tribus Sapientibus 1:94b).<br />
54 Ilichap<strong>wa</strong> tena kutoka katika “‘Lex’ (Law) As Another Word for Religion: A Lesson Learned from the<br />
Middle Ages”. Chalcedon Report no. 320 (March 1992): 7-8 = “Lex” (Law) As Another Word for Religion’:<br />
A Lesson Learned from the Middle Ages”. Calvi<strong>ni</strong>sm Today (now: Christia<strong>ni</strong>ty and Society) 2 (1992) 2: 5 +<br />
14<br />
55 Hans Eggers. Deutsche Sprachgeschichte I: Das Althochdeutsche. Rowohlts deutsche Enzyklopaedie<br />
185/186. Rowohlt: Reinbek, 1963. p. 125 and Guenter Lanczkowski. Einfuehrung in die<br />
Religionswissenschaft. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft: Darmastadt, 1980. kk. 2-23.<br />
56 Ernst Feil. Religion: Die Geschichte eines neuzeitlichen Grundbegriffs vom Fruehchristentum bis zur<br />
Reformation. Forschungen zur Kirchen- und Dogmengeschichte 36. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Goettingen,<br />
1986.<br />
57 Tazama Ernst Feil. Religio. Rud. kk. 233+274-275