Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
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66 Schirrmacher, <strong>Insha</strong> <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> <strong>Maadili</strong><br />
M<strong>wa</strong>nadamu ‘hubadili’ Mwumba k<strong>wa</strong> kiumbe. Mtu aweza kusema k<strong>wa</strong>mba,<br />
tuna‘badili matumizi <strong>ya</strong>o sahihi’ au ‘tuna<strong>wa</strong>geuza kich<strong>wa</strong> chi<strong>ni</strong> miguu <strong>juu</strong>’.<br />
Agano la Kale hutumia msemo kuelezea Israeli <strong>wa</strong>lio‘badili utukufu <strong>wa</strong>o ku<strong>wa</strong><br />
mfano <strong>wa</strong> ng’ombe mla maja<strong>ni</strong>’ (Zab. 106:20, linga<strong>ni</strong>sha na Yer. 2:11).<br />
M<strong>wa</strong>nadamu hubadili ibada k<strong>wa</strong> Mwumba ku<strong>wa</strong> ibada k<strong>wa</strong> kiumbe, akifan<strong>ya</strong><br />
di<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong>ke mwenyewe k<strong>wa</strong> kuelekeza sifa za uungu kama vile ‘umilele’, ‘uweza’<br />
au ‘uumbaji’ k<strong>wa</strong> baadhi <strong>ya</strong> viumbe wengine. Haijalishi k<strong>wa</strong>mba anajiinua<br />
mwenyewe kama ‘kipimo cha vitu vyote’, anaheshimu binadamu mwingine<br />
kama Mungu, k<strong>wa</strong>mba anaabudu taswira <strong>ya</strong> mtu mfu, kama vile Mariamu,<br />
k<strong>wa</strong>mba anaabudu mn<strong>ya</strong>ma au sanamu <strong>ya</strong>ke, k<strong>wa</strong>mba anaweka mbadala <strong>wa</strong><br />
Uumbaji k<strong>wa</strong> jina jingine (‘Maada’, ‘Asili’ au ‘Uwepo’) au k<strong>wa</strong>mba anavumbua<br />
di<strong>ni</strong> kama ile <strong>ya</strong> Mali. Chochote achaguacho, ataku<strong>wa</strong> amefan<strong>ya</strong> mbadala <strong>wa</strong><br />
sehemu <strong>ya</strong> Uumbaji k<strong>wa</strong> Mungu.<br />
K<strong>wa</strong> mujibu <strong>wa</strong> Paulo, suala la na<strong>ni</strong> au kipi kinaabudi<strong>wa</strong> pia <strong>ni</strong> la kimaamuzi,<br />
k<strong>wa</strong> ajili <strong>ya</strong> maadili. Elimu-maadili hufundisha lipi Jema na Ovu, lililo Sa<strong>wa</strong> na<br />
lililo na Makosa, lenye kukubalika na lisilokubalika, litaki<strong>wa</strong>lo na lipas<strong>wa</strong>lo<br />
kuepuk<strong>wa</strong>. Yeyote aumbaye di<strong>ni</strong> mp<strong>ya</strong> <strong>ni</strong> lazima pia aumbe maadili map<strong>ya</strong><br />
(Rum. 1:24-27). Paulo anatumia neno lile lile ‘kubadili’ au ‘kupotosha’ kuelezea<br />
mbadala <strong>wa</strong> mfumo usio rasmi <strong>wa</strong> kimaadili <strong>wa</strong> di<strong>ni</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> ule <strong>wa</strong> utaratibu <strong>wa</strong><br />
Mungu <strong>wa</strong> Uumbaji. Ushoga <strong>ni</strong> mfano mzuri (Rum. 1:26-27), inga<strong>wa</strong> dhambi<br />
zote zaweza kuelez<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> njia ile ile (Rum. 1:29-31). <strong>Maadili</strong> <strong>ya</strong>liyopotosh<strong>wa</strong><br />
<strong>ya</strong>wezekana k<strong>wa</strong> sababu Mungu hu<strong>wa</strong>acha <strong>wa</strong>nadamu kuelekea kwenye uchafu<br />
(Rum. 1:24, 26). Hukumu mba<strong>ya</strong> kabisa k<strong>wa</strong> m<strong>wa</strong>nadamu <strong>ni</strong> “kuach<strong>wa</strong> pekee”<br />
(Rum. 1:24, 26) k<strong>wa</strong> sababu yeye hana uwezo <strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> na kiasi. Hujiharibu yeye<br />
mwenyewe na wengine pia. Ni Mkristo pekee, aliyepokea msamaha <strong>wa</strong> dhambi<br />
na mwenye msaada <strong>wa</strong> Roho Mtakatifu, awezaye ku<strong>wa</strong> na kiasi ambacho Agano<br />
Jip<strong>ya</strong> hukihesabu kama alama <strong>ya</strong> m<strong>wa</strong>mi<strong>ni</strong> (2 Pet. 1:6; Gal. 5:23). Hivyo, dhambi<br />
<strong>ya</strong> m<strong>wa</strong>nadamu sio kisababishi cha hukumu, bali <strong>ni</strong> hukumu yenyewe.<br />
Binadamu <strong>ni</strong> adui mkub<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong> yeye mwenyewe.<br />
Di<strong>ni</strong> mp<strong>ya</strong> humaa<strong>ni</strong>sha mfumo mp<strong>ya</strong> <strong>wa</strong> kimaadili. Hakuna atendaye k<strong>wa</strong> bahati<br />
tu, bali k<strong>wa</strong> mujibu <strong>wa</strong> mfumo <strong>wa</strong>ke <strong>wa</strong> amali, k<strong>wa</strong>mba anaheshimu uungu au la.<br />
<strong>Sheria</strong> za nchi zinaongoz<strong>wa</strong> na amali kama tufan<strong>ya</strong>vyo ununuzi duka<strong>ni</strong> – au jinsi<br />
ga<strong>ni</strong> tunavyoamua kipi kinunuliwe? Matangazo hutushawishi k<strong>wa</strong> kutuahidi<br />
furaha, mafa<strong>ni</strong>kio na kutambuli<strong>wa</strong>; vuguvugu la kisiasa hujaribu kuathiri<br />
maamuzi yetu pia. Hakuna mtu awezaye kupuuza mtazamo <strong>wa</strong>ke <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong><br />
ubinadamu, mwelekeo <strong>wa</strong>ke k<strong>wa</strong> utajiri na mwelekeo <strong>wa</strong>ke k<strong>wa</strong> jamii (mf. njaa<br />
du<strong>ni</strong>a<strong>ni</strong>) <strong>wa</strong>kati anunuapo. T<strong>wa</strong>weza tu kushind<strong>wa</strong> kuvijali vitu hivi k<strong>wa</strong><br />
kufan<strong>ya</strong> utu wetu ku<strong>wa</strong> kipimo chetu. Paulo anazungumza <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> hao ambao,<br />
“…Mungu <strong>wa</strong>o <strong>ni</strong> tumbo…” (Flp. 3:19). Vivyo hivyo <strong>ni</strong> kweli pia k<strong>wa</strong> sa<strong>ya</strong>nsi<br />
na falsafa. Wanafalsafa wengi hupinga maadili k<strong>wa</strong> ujumla, laki<strong>ni</strong> kipekee<br />
kabisa mfumo <strong>wa</strong> Kikristo; ili tu <strong>wa</strong>unde sheria zao wenyewe <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> kipi mtu<br />
afanye au asifanye. Na <strong>ni</strong> jinsi ga<strong>ni</strong> matokeo maba<strong>ya</strong> kabisa <strong>ya</strong> nadharia za