Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
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Kuna Amali Kamilifu? 59<br />
KUNA AMALI KAMILIFU?<br />
SOMO KUTOKA KWA CAMUS (1993)<br />
Mara nyingi Mkristo amezoelea mabadiliko <strong>ya</strong> mazungumzo na marafiki zake<br />
<strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> ima<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong>ke. Wakati akielezea <strong>ni</strong> amali zipi ambazo kipekee ziliku<strong>wa</strong> na<br />
umuhimu <strong>wa</strong> kipekee katika maisha <strong>ya</strong>ke binafsi, na vilevile katika Ka<strong>ni</strong>sa na<br />
Jamii, mjadala ulijikita zaidi <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> amali maalum na mambo maalum. Siku hizi,<br />
mas<strong>wa</strong>li hayo mara nyingi si yenye kuvutia k<strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> sasa hivi mjadala<br />
unajiibusha <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> suala la haki za mtu binafsi kulazimisha amali zake<br />
mwenyewe <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> wengine. Suala la utandavu* <strong>wa</strong> amali limekwishaibuka<br />
mbele <strong>ya</strong> amali za kipekee zilizokwishataj<strong>wa</strong>.<br />
Ni rahisi kudai ku<strong>wa</strong> hakuna amali kamilifu. Suala <strong>ni</strong> kujua i<strong>wa</strong>po tamko hili<br />
laweza kulind<strong>wa</strong>. Mtu hahitaji muda mrefu kutafuta bila kutambua amali binafsi<br />
za mpinza<strong>ni</strong> <strong>wa</strong>ke. Hakatai amali k<strong>wa</strong> ujumla, bali ana mfumo <strong>wa</strong>ke <strong>wa</strong><br />
kimaadili.<br />
Wanafalsafa <strong>wa</strong>chache <strong>wa</strong>mejaribu kufikiri kikamilifu <strong>wa</strong>zo hilo ku<strong>wa</strong> hakuna<br />
amali kamilifu, na k<strong>wa</strong>mba kila kitu <strong>ni</strong> chenye uhusiano na kingine. Mmoja kati<br />
<strong>ya</strong> <strong>wa</strong>tu muhimu kabisa <strong>ni</strong> M<strong>wa</strong>nafalsafa <strong>wa</strong> Kifaransa, Albert Camus<br />
(1913-1960), ambaye alikifin<strong>ya</strong>nga kizazi kizima cha <strong>wa</strong>nafunzi, inga<strong>wa</strong><br />
<strong>wa</strong>chache <strong>wa</strong>litama<strong>ni</strong> kwenda umbali alioku<strong>wa</strong> amekwenda yeye.<br />
Camus aliunda “Falsafa <strong>ya</strong> Mpumbavu”*, ambayo k<strong>wa</strong> ujumla ilipinga amali<br />
kamilifu. Aliku<strong>wa</strong> akitambua matokeo <strong>ya</strong> mfumo <strong>wa</strong> amali zenye mahusiano.<br />
“Iki<strong>wa</strong> mtu haami<strong>ni</strong> chochote, iki<strong>wa</strong> chochote kina maana, na iki<strong>wa</strong> hatuwezi<br />
kuthibitisha amali, kila kitu chawezekana na hakuna kilicho muhimu. Hakuna<br />
K<strong>wa</strong> ajili <strong>ya</strong> au Kinyume na, mwuaji si mwenye haki <strong>wa</strong>la si asiye haki. Mtu<br />
aweza ku<strong>wa</strong>sha matanuru k<strong>wa</strong> uta<strong>ya</strong>ri ulio sa<strong>wa</strong> na yule anayetoa msaada k<strong>wa</strong><br />
kilema. Uovu na wema hutokea k<strong>wa</strong> bahati au ghafla.” 73<br />
K<strong>wa</strong> ujumla hakuna miongo<strong>ni</strong> mwetu ambaye yuko ta<strong>ya</strong>ri kukubali matokeo <strong>ya</strong><br />
kupinga kabisa amali kamilifu – k<strong>wa</strong> hakika!<br />
Laki<strong>ni</strong> hitimisho la kimantiki la <strong>wa</strong>zi la Camus si neno la mwisho <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> somo<br />
hili. Inawezekana m<strong>wa</strong>nadamu kuishi pasipo maadili? Hapana, hapana hata k<strong>wa</strong><br />
Camus! Katika shajara* zake aliandika,<br />
“I<strong>wa</strong>po <strong>ni</strong>ngepas<strong>wa</strong> kuandika bubuso (dogma) la kimaadili, kitabu kingeku<strong>wa</strong><br />
na ukub<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong> kurasa 100, laki<strong>ni</strong> kurasa 99 kati <strong>ya</strong> hizo zingeku<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>zi. Katika<br />
ukurasa <strong>wa</strong> mwisho <strong>ni</strong>ngeandika, ‘Ninajua jukumu moja tu, jukumu la kupenda’.<br />
73 Imetafsiri<strong>wa</strong> kutoka katika Albert Camus, Der Mensch in der Revolte, (Reinbek: rororo, 1973), uk. 9