Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
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Juu <strong>ya</strong> Kuapa katika N<strong>ya</strong>kati za Agano Jip<strong>ya</strong> 89<br />
2. “Kiapo <strong>ni</strong> kuita laana <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> mtu iki<strong>wa</strong> atavunja neno lake (1 Sam. 19:6) au<br />
iki<strong>wa</strong> haongei ukweli (Mk. 14:7-11)”. 119<br />
Fasili hii kutoka katika Kamusi <strong>ya</strong> Biblia, inafanana na matokeo <strong>ya</strong> utafiti <strong>wa</strong><br />
kianthropolojia <strong>wa</strong> Ashley Montagu, “viapo vinatumika kama tahadhari dhidi <strong>ya</strong><br />
laana, hili laweza kueleza tabia <strong>ya</strong> jumla <strong>ya</strong> kuchangan<strong>ya</strong> kuapa na kulaa<strong>ni</strong>”. 120<br />
Kiapo cha kale cha Kijeruma<strong>ni</strong> chaweza kufasili<strong>wa</strong> kama ifuatavyo: “K<strong>wa</strong> asili<br />
<strong>ya</strong>ke kiapo kiliku<strong>wa</strong> laana <strong>ya</strong> kimasharti <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> nafsi <strong>ya</strong> mtu, kikifany<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong><br />
mujibu <strong>wa</strong> mfumo <strong>wa</strong> kiviga na sihiri* za kidi<strong>ni</strong>”. K<strong>wa</strong> sababu hii, jamii <strong>ya</strong><br />
Kijeruma<strong>ni</strong> haiku<strong>wa</strong> na ugumu <strong>wa</strong> kupokea matumizi <strong>ya</strong> Kikristo <strong>ya</strong> viapo.<br />
Asili <strong>ya</strong> kanu<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong> kiapo kama tahadhari dhidi <strong>ya</strong> laana, kipekee inathibitish<strong>wa</strong><br />
katika maelezo, “Mungu a<strong>ni</strong>fanyie vivyo hivyo na kuzidi” au (“Mungu aweze<br />
ku<strong>ni</strong>fanyia hili mimi na kuliongeza hilo k<strong>wa</strong>ngu”) (1 Sam. 3:17; 1 Sam. 14:44; 1<br />
Sam. 25:22; 2 Sa. 3:35; 2 Sam. 19:23; 1 Fal. 2:23, 2 Fal. 6:31. Tazama mifano<br />
mahususi katika majed<strong>wa</strong>li hapo <strong>juu</strong>. K<strong>wa</strong> ‘B<strong>wa</strong>na’ tazama Ruthu 1:17. K<strong>wa</strong><br />
majina <strong>ya</strong> <strong>wa</strong>tu mahususi, tazama jed<strong>wa</strong>li hapo <strong>juu</strong>). Maelezo, “Isipoku<strong>wa</strong>” k<strong>wa</strong><br />
ujumla <strong>ya</strong>natumika na sentensi zisizo kamili (Eze. 36:7; Isa. 22:14; M<strong>wa</strong>. 14:23;<br />
Hes. 14:28; Ayu. 27:4). K<strong>wa</strong> ujumla, kuna mifano ishiri<strong>ni</strong> na sita inayoita<br />
hukumu pasipo kueleza adhabu maalumu k<strong>wa</strong> uvunjaji <strong>wa</strong> agano. 121 Kanu<strong>ni</strong>,<br />
“hilo liwe mbali nami!” inatumika k<strong>wa</strong> mtindo uleule (tazama majed<strong>wa</strong>li hapo<br />
<strong>juu</strong>), kipekee <strong>wa</strong>kati “…iki<strong>wa</strong> mimi <strong>ni</strong>…” inaongez<strong>wa</strong> pasipo kuhitimisha<br />
sentensi (1Sam. 14:45; Ayu. 27:5; 2 Sam. 20:20).<br />
Katika kesi za tuhuma <strong>ya</strong> uzinzi, “kisha kuha<strong>ni</strong> atamweka m<strong>wa</strong>namke chi<strong>ni</strong><br />
<strong>ya</strong> kiapo cha laana, na atam<strong>wa</strong>mbia m<strong>wa</strong>namke ‘BWANA akufanyie<br />
laana na kiapo kati <strong>ya</strong> <strong>wa</strong>tu <strong>wa</strong>ko…’” (Hes. 5:21), <strong>ni</strong> lazima m<strong>wa</strong>namke<br />
athibitishe ku<strong>wa</strong> na hatia. Laana iliku<strong>wa</strong> ikitimiz<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> kupata ulemavu <strong>wa</strong><br />
viungo (Hes. 5:11-13).<br />
1 Sam. 14:24-28 inanukuu kiapo cha Sauli mara nne na neno “Na alaa<strong>ni</strong>we…"<br />
Katika Neh.10:29, Israeli “<strong>wa</strong>kaingia katika laana na kiapo…” Baadaye<br />
Nehemia “...<strong>ni</strong>kagombana nao, <strong>ni</strong>ka<strong>wa</strong>laa<strong>ni</strong>…<strong>ni</strong>ka<strong>wa</strong>apisha k<strong>wa</strong> Mungu” (Neh.<br />
13:25). Katika Yoshua 9:20, kiongozi anapendekeza, “…tuta<strong>wa</strong>acha <strong>wa</strong>we hai;<br />
hasira isije <strong>juu</strong> yetu, k<strong>wa</strong> ajili <strong>ya</strong> hicho kiapo tulicho<strong>wa</strong>apia”. Da<strong>ni</strong>eli 9:11<br />
inakiri, “Naam, Israeli wote <strong>wa</strong>meihalifu sheria <strong>ya</strong>ko, k<strong>wa</strong> kugeuka upande,<br />
<strong>wa</strong>siisikilize sauti <strong>ya</strong>ko; basi k<strong>wa</strong> hiyo laana imem<strong>wa</strong>g<strong>wa</strong> <strong>juu</strong> yetu, na uapo ule<br />
ulioandika katika sheria <strong>ya</strong> Musa, mtumishi <strong>wa</strong> Mungu, k<strong>wa</strong> sababu tumemtenda<br />
dhambi”. Maadui <strong>wa</strong> Mungu <strong>wa</strong>ta“liacha jina lenu ku<strong>wa</strong> laana k<strong>wa</strong> <strong>wa</strong>teule<br />
119 J.G. S. S. Thompson. “Oaths. “in The New Bible Dictionary, ed. J. D. Douglas (1962, repr. Grand Rapids,<br />
Mich., Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979). Rousas John Rushdoony expresses the same sentiments in Law and<br />
Society: Institutes of Biblical Law 2 (Vallecito, Cal.: Ross House Books. 1986), p. 118. For further advocates<br />
of this view, see Georg Giesen. Die Wurzel sb’ “schwoeren”. op. cit. p. 26, note 26. Giesen himself rejects<br />
this interpretation, however.<br />
120 Ashley Montagu. The Anatomy of Swearing. op. cit., uk. 35.<br />
121 Rud
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