Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
Upendo ni Utimilifu wa Sheria Insha juu ya Maadili - Martin Bucer ...
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98 Schirrmacher, <strong>Insha</strong> <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> <strong>Maadili</strong><br />
<strong>ya</strong>ke katika Ukristo. Ukomesh<strong>wa</strong>ji <strong>wa</strong> utum<strong>wa</strong> na mateso, kanu<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong> usa<strong>wa</strong><br />
mbele <strong>ya</strong> sheria, haki <strong>ya</strong> kupumzika na kuburudika kama zinayoonekana katika<br />
Sabato au pumziko la Jumapili – zinatokana na mapokeo <strong>ya</strong> Kikristo na <strong>wa</strong>la si<br />
bahati au serikali ambazo zinakubali haki hizi na kuzitia nanga (kuziweka ku<strong>wa</strong><br />
sehemu) katika katiba zao nyingi k<strong>wa</strong> wingi katika nchi za Kikristo. Hata Karl<br />
Marx alikubali hili, k<strong>wa</strong> sababu alipinga haki za binadamu k<strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> <strong>ni</strong> zao la<br />
Ukristo (k<strong>wa</strong> mfano, Kazi za Marx na Engels, Kitabu cha 1 = Marx and Engels<br />
Works, Vol. 1).<br />
Hakuna serikali <strong>wa</strong>la hakuna mfumo <strong>wa</strong> kisheria uwezao kuendelea kuwepo<br />
pasipo uchache <strong>wa</strong> amali za ka<strong>wa</strong>ida, na k<strong>wa</strong> umuhimu kabisa amali zilizokit<strong>wa</strong><br />
katika vitu visivyoonekana. Mfumo <strong>wa</strong> kisheria hukubali mfumo <strong>wa</strong> amali, k<strong>wa</strong><br />
ku<strong>wa</strong> sheria huchukuli<strong>wa</strong> kutoka katika vi<strong>wa</strong>ngo v<strong>ya</strong> maadili vilivyotangulia<br />
kuwepo na nje <strong>ya</strong>ke yenyewe.<br />
Hakikisho la utu <strong>wa</strong> binadamu huona k<strong>wa</strong>mba Binadamu <strong>ni</strong> zaidi <strong>ya</strong> kile<br />
anachokiele<strong>wa</strong> <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong>ke mwenyewe. Hawezi kueleweka k<strong>wa</strong> njia na nyenzo za<br />
sa<strong>ya</strong>nsi asilia. Yeye yu <strong>wa</strong>zi k<strong>wa</strong> vitu visivyoonekana. Serikali <strong>ya</strong> kisiasa, yenye<br />
mfumo <strong>wa</strong> kisheria, hutegemea mahitaji ambayo yenyewe haiwezi kudhami<strong>ni</strong>.<br />
M<strong>wa</strong>ko au Msamaha na Toba?<br />
K<strong>wa</strong> mujibu <strong>wa</strong> falsafa za M<strong>wa</strong>ko katika karne <strong>ya</strong> kumi na nane, ambazo<br />
zilijaribu kuanzisha haki za binadamu pasipo Mungu na kinyume cha Ka<strong>ni</strong>sa;<br />
Mema yote, ukijumuisha haki za binadamu zingeweza kuchot<strong>wa</strong> kutoka katika<br />
Asili* na kutoka katika Fikra*. Utambulishi <strong>wa</strong> Rousseau <strong>wa</strong> ‘Fikra’ na ‘Asili’ <strong>ni</strong><br />
<strong>wa</strong> kipekee katika ma<strong>wa</strong>zo <strong>ya</strong> M<strong>wa</strong>ko. Hata hivyo, jaribio la kuziweka haki za<br />
binadamu katika Asili zimeshind<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> hakuna mtu yeyote awezaye<br />
kukubaliana <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> maana <strong>ya</strong> ‘Asili’ au <strong>juu</strong> <strong>ya</strong> jinsi sheria zake zinavyoweza<br />
kuvumbuli<strong>wa</strong>. Wolfgang Schild, profesa <strong>wa</strong> sheria <strong>ya</strong> jinai anaaandika, “M<strong>wa</strong>ko<br />
hauwezi na haupaswi ku<strong>wa</strong> neno la mwisho, neno letu la mwisho. Ufikra na<br />
utendaji <strong>wa</strong>ke <strong>ni</strong> lazima uchukuliwe katika mipaka <strong>ya</strong>ke, kama sivyo maisha <strong>ya</strong><br />
kijamii yenye thama<strong>ni</strong> <strong>ya</strong> utu <strong>wa</strong> Binadamu ha<strong>ya</strong>wezeka<strong>ni</strong>. Tena, hata sheria <strong>ya</strong><br />
adhabu kipekee haiwezi kujizuia yenyewe k<strong>wa</strong> njia <strong>ya</strong> fikra ili kupata ama<strong>ni</strong> na<br />
utaratibu k<strong>wa</strong> gharama yoyote ile: inahitaji utambuzi <strong>wa</strong> utu <strong>wa</strong> binadamu - hata<br />
<strong>wa</strong> mtu aliyetenda kosa ba<strong>ya</strong> kabisa la jinai – kama msingi <strong>wa</strong>ke na mpaka<br />
<strong>wa</strong>ke”.<br />
Ma<strong>wa</strong>zo k<strong>wa</strong>mba binadamu angeweza kuboresh<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> elimu, na k<strong>wa</strong>mba<br />
magonj<strong>wa</strong> <strong>ya</strong> binadamu <strong>ya</strong>ngeweza kutatuli<strong>wa</strong> k<strong>wa</strong> M<strong>wa</strong>ko, <strong>ni</strong> tatizo la kimsingi<br />
la falsafa <strong>ya</strong> Kigriki, <strong>ya</strong> Uyuma<strong>ni</strong>sti na <strong>ya</strong> M<strong>wa</strong>ko. Njozi za Uyuma<strong>ni</strong>sti katika<br />
elimu hudai uwepo <strong>wa</strong>ke kwenye <strong>wa</strong>zo ku<strong>wa</strong> maadili <strong>ya</strong>ngeweza kukuz<strong>wa</strong><br />
kupitia elimu, k<strong>wa</strong> ku<strong>wa</strong> unadha<strong>ni</strong> k<strong>wa</strong>mba mtu hufan<strong>ya</strong> makosa tu k<strong>wa</strong> sababu<br />
yeye <strong>ni</strong> mjinga au k<strong>wa</strong> sababu hufikiri kimakosa, sio k<strong>wa</strong> sababu dhamiri <strong>ya</strong>ke <strong>ni</strong><br />
yenye uovu na k<strong>wa</strong> sababu yeye hawezi kufan<strong>ya</strong> jema k<strong>wa</strong> nguvu zake