TEUTONIC MYTHOLOGY. - Centrostudirpinia.it

194 zio.
must assume a nom. Ju, Jus, though it has survived only
in the
compound Jupiter Jus pater, Zeu? irarrjp. For, the initial in
Jus, Jovis [pronounce j as y] seems to be a mere softening of the
fuller dj in Djus, Djovis, which has preserved itself in Dijovis, just
as Zevs presupposes an older Aevs which was actually preserved in
the ^Eolic dialect. These Greek and Latin words likewise contain
the idea of the heavenly god, i.e., a personification of the sky.
Dium, divum is the vault of heaven, and Zeus is the son of heaven,
Ovpavov mo?, ovpdvios, Zevs aiOepi vaiwv (see SuppL).
But apart from dyaus, Zeus and Jupiter, the three common nouns
devas (Sansk.), 6eos and deus express the general notion of a
distinct from them.
divinity ; they are related to the first three, yet
The Lat. deus might seem to come nearest to our Tius, Zio ; but
its u, like the o in 0eo?, belongs to the flexion, not to the root, and
therefore answers to the a in devas. 1 Nevertheless deus too must
have sprung from devus, and 0eo? from 0efo?, because the very 6
instead of 8 in the Greek word is accounted for by the reaction of
the digamma on the initial. In the shortness of their e they both
differ from devas, whose e ( ai) grew by guna out of i, so that the
Lith. dievas comes nearer to it. 2 But the adjectives Sto? (not from
divus correspond to devas as dives
divitis (p. 20) to devatas (deus). This approximation between divus
Sao?, but rather for & and fo<?)
and deus serves to confirm the origin of deus out of devus or divus
with short i (see Suppl.) 3 , Still more helpful to us is the fact that
the Edda has a plur. tivar meaning gods or heroes, Stem. 30 a 41 a
rikir tivar (conf. rich god, p. 20), Stem. 72 a 93 a ; valtivar, 52 a
sigtivar, 189 a 248 a ; the sing, is not in use. This tivar, though not
immediately related to Tyr, yet seems related to it as 8409, #609,
0eZo9 are to Zeu? ; its i is established by the fact that the ON.
the side of
dialect contracts a short iv into y ; thus we obtain by
tiv a tiv, in Sanskrit by the side of div a dev, and in Latin by the
side of deus a divus, these being strengthened or guna forms of the
that Zio can
1
Kuhn, in Zeitschr. f. d. alt. 2, 231, has rightly pointed out,
be immediately related only to dyaus and Zevs-, not to deus and fcos ; but he
ought to have admitted that mediately it must be related to these last also.
That div was the root of Zeus, had already been shown by O. Miiiler in Gott.
aiiz. 1834, pp. 795-6.
2 Conf. piemu irot^v, and kiemas Kw^rj haims.
3
If, as hinted on p. 26, dlos deus were conn, with Se the notion of bind
co,
ing must have arisen first out of the divine band, which is hardly conceivable.
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