THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT - The University of Texas at Arlington

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Of the resolutions passed by the women of the 1837 convention, the most controversial revolved around issues of gender, religion, and race. Angelina Grimké offered a resolution challenging women to move beyond traditional religious and cultural ideas about gender. Grimké urged women to recognize that “certain rights and duties are common to all moral beings.” She described women’s reform work as a “duty” that was within the “province” of woman’s sphere. Woman, Grimké argued, must “do all that she can by her voice, and her pen, and her purse, and the influence of her example” to abolish slavery. After much discussion, the resolution was adopted; however, twelve women, most of them from New York, dissented and requested their names be listed in the proceedings as doing so. Lydia Maria Child proposed a resolution rebuking evangelical associations that accepted contributions from slaveholders. Three of the twelve women who had refused to approve Grimké’s resolution dissented from Child’s resolution. Grimké also presented a resolution against racial prejudice, calling on women to “mingle with our oppressed brethren” and “to act out the principles of Christian equality by associating with them as though the color of the skin was of no . . . consequence.” The convention also passed a free-produce resolution presented by Mott. Purchasing slave- labor products continued southern slavery, she noted, therefore it was the duty of abolitionists to avoid “this unrighteous participation” in the consumption of slave produce. 57 57 Anti-Slavery Convention of Women, Proceedings . . . 1837, 9, 10, 13. In the fall of 1837, the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society passed similar resolutions. See Pennsylvania Freeman, September 21, 1837. 158
At the 1838 convention, women passed similar resolutions. For example, the delegates resolved that “one of the most appropriate fields of exertion of the influence of woman” was abolitionism. Additional resolutions by Abigail Ordway and Mary Grew affirmed that woman’s responsibility to act against slavery was rooted in her role as mother and Christian. The resolutions tapped into gender-specific ideas about women’s appropriate role and, as a result, generated little discussion. In contrast, Sarah Grimké’s resolution against race prejudice sparked strong opinions on either side of the debate. Grimké resolved that abolitionists had a duty to “identify themselves with these oppressed Americans by sitting with them in places of worship, by appearing with them in our streets, by giving them our countenance in steam-boats and stages, by visiting them at their homes and encouraging them to visit us, receiving them as we do our white fellow citizens.” Several delegates voted against the resolution claiming it would hinder rather than help the abolitionist cause. After the convention, several delegates attempted to remove the resolution from the convention transcription. Although the convention proceedings do not provide an explanation for these actions, the women may have acted out of racial prejudice, or fear of anti-abolitionist mobs like those that burned Pennsylvania Hall during the second convention. 58 As they did in 1837, the women who attended the 1838 and 1839 conventions passed free-produce resolutions. In 1838, Thankful Southwick resolved it was the duty of female abolitionists “to make the most vigorous efforts to procure for the use of their 58 Anti-Slavery Convention of Women, Proceedings of the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women: Held in Philadelphia, May 15 th , 16 th , 17 th , and 18th, 1838 (Philadelphia: Merrihew and Gunn, 1838), 6, 8, http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=mayantislavery;idno=10842210 (accessed April 2, 2010); Salerno, Sister Societies, 82-85. 159
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“THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT”: WO
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To Stan
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support, collegiality, and humor. T
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summer seminar, Passages to Freedom
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Supervising Professor: Sam W. Hayne
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1
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PREFACE The grocer takes your 6d. [
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Garrison’s rejection of free prod
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an anti-slavery tactic, one which,
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the chronology of women’s activis
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to “prize goods.” Removing men,
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and even the flesh of the slaves wh
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women possessed these characteristi
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to their constitution recommending
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Produce Association. Mott, Pugh, an
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colony in Africa. 46 Scorned even b
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that are the focus of Salerno’s s
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Unlike earlier histories of abstent
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the context of the Anglo-American a
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PART I THE BRITISH ABSTENTION MOVEM
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meats which are presented to each p
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debate about the nature of commerce
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Fox’s fiery pamphlet, Britons abs
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William Fox, Martha Gurney, and Sug
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The partnership of Gurney and Fox t
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itself more with the abstention mov
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Fox’s argument for abstention res
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praised the effects of tea and impl
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Careful, believed a well-equipped t
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the “spreading leprosy taints ev
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ousing readers to feel sympathy but
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enevolence is reflected in two poli
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careful weighing of the sugar and M
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stories of husbands and fathers ret
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Address allegedly authored by a wom
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sensibility. He declared, “Your c
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interested than she admitted. 76 Wh
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“[Are] we justified in transporti
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Contaminated by blood, sugar failed
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their own hearings about the trade.
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evive the slave trade debate again
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a poor dead Negro’s finger or toe
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that female consumers had themselve
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movement; yet both simultaneously s
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the pages of The Humming Bird, in 1
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Britain’s working class as well a
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Thomas Clarkson once again toured G
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It was the trial of missionary John
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planter, Member of Parliament, and
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continued abolitionist agitation. T
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was linked directly to slave rebell
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The Female Society for Birmingham f
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enevolent associations in this peri
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Discarded Negroes in the Island of
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focused on emancipation, claiming t
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Slavery Associations also listed tr
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donations and subscriptions in 1829
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emphasized the dangers of consumpti
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British consumers, Cropper argued,
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“Speculations on the comparative
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activism. Between 1815 and 1819, wa
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should begin at home. 93 Reviewing
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working class and the enslaved Afri
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The second abstention campaign enga
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PART II THE AMERICAN FREE-PRODUCE M
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1830 and in the Liberator in 1831.
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As editor of the “Ladies’ Repos
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Quakers and the Free Produce Moveme
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development. 15 In 1789, Drinker pu
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slaveholders. In addition to elimin
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that uncritical acceptance of the s
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impossible to distinguish between f
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Page 151 and 152: Department” harbored radical pote
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Page 155 and 156: about slavery. 55 As one the earlie
Page 157 and 158: A sweet rich juice, which White men
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Page 161 and 162: Again” and “The Sugar-Plums”
Page 163 and 164: inches high in standard alphabetic
Page 165 and 166: C. Gunn to address the group on the
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Page 169 and 170: interference of women.” Chandler
Page 171 and 172: made eight years later calling for
Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER 4 “OH FAINT YOU NOT, YE G
Page 175 and 176: of the transatlantic abolitionist a
Page 177 and 178: Orthodox and Hicksite Quakers both
Page 179 and 180: address proposed that Hicksite Frie
Page 181 and 182: after the schism, Orthodox Quakers
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Page 185 and 186: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthod
Page 187 and 188: Quakers’ reluctance to take colle
Page 189 and 190: statements against slavery, but cau
Page 191 and 192: Hicksite men of Green Street mocked
Page 193 and 194: For the first time, Quaker women jo
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Page 201 and 202: widely available. In the meantime,
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Page 215 and 216: with the publication of a circular
Page 217 and 218: Elizabeth Pease played a key role i
Page 219 and 220: wrote Pease that the BIS had “cla
Page 221 and 222: was the most effective tactic: “Y
Page 223 and 224: PART III THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE-PRO
Page 225 and 226: North. In 1837, the delegates of th
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Page 231 and 232: on American abolitionists to send
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Page 243 and 244: In the 1830s Quaker abolitionists j
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Page 247 and 248: for the slave; rather, Derkin asked
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attendance at the annual meeting be
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esolution that was tabled by member
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION [T]o urge [fre
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Wrongs and Their Remedy. There is D
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League of Universal Brotherhood. In
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statement, yet, because women’s p
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Association was integrated by gende
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. . . so I decided many years ago n
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts American A
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Freedom’s Journal The Friend The
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Anti-Slavery Society. London: Eller
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________. The History of the Rise,
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the Counsel on Each Side, and the F
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Hicks, Elias. Observations on the S
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Narrative of the Proceedings of the
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Taylor, Clare. British and American
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Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture
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Clark, Elizabeth B. “‘The Sacre
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Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy an
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Gratzer, Walter. Terrors of the Tab
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Ingle, H. Larry. “‘A Ball That
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Margolin, Sam. “‘And Freedom to
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Nelson, Elizabeth White. Market Sen
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Westbrook, and R. D. de Prospo, 73-
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________. The Devotion of These Wom
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________. Radical Satire and Print
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Dr. Holcomb is also a member of the
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