THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT - The University of Texas at Arlington

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correspondence with American abolitionists, Elizabeth Pease assured the flow of information about the BIS and its efforts from Britain to the United States. Pamphlets, reports, and letters sent by Pease to American abolitionists were, as Lucretia Mott’s son- in-law Edward M. Davis noted, kept in “constant motion.” 114 Not all abolitionists, however, were convinced that cotton cultivation in India would have the desired effect on slavery in the South. William Adam claimed he did not share Thompson’s “sanguine expectations of the effect on American slavery to arise from the extension of cotton cultivation in India.” While he was convinced increased cotton cultivation, “in combination with other causes” might improve the situation of “the starving & degraded population of India,” its effect on American slavery might only be “collateral.” Still, Adam resolved “to stand before the American public as its advocate to the full extent of its object.” 115 Edward M. Davis displayed similar uncertainty about the effects of cotton cultivation in India on the emancipation of slaves in the American South. In late 1839, Davis wrote Elizabeth Pease that he believed reform in India “to be not merely practicable, but of easy accomplishment.” Noting that such reform was connected to British prosperity, Davis also imagined American slave-grown cotton driven from European markets once Indian cotton was widely and inexpensively available. “American slavery,” he wrote, “will have recd. its death blow.” 116 Yet, just three months later, Davis questioned whether American funds spent in England on behalf of the BIS 114 Edward M. Davis to Elizabeth Pease, December 11, 1839, MS.A.1.2.8.89, AS BPL. 115 William Adam to Maria Weston Chapman, BAA, 86-87. 116 Edward M. Davis to Elizabeth Pease, December 28, 1839, BAA, 88. 180
was the most effective tactic: “You force Slavery from its present location by appealing to the avaricious feelings of the slaveholder. We exterminate it by appealing to his conscience and understanding.” If the British reformers were successful in supplying their country with free-labor cotton from India, Davis suggested that would still not reform American slaveholders. “Would this prove to our planters that slavery is sinful?” Davis asked. “No! only that his business is unprofitable. The result might & I doubt not would be, to do away with our slave holding Laws but not our slave holding spirit.” 117 Despite these reservations, British reformers and businessmen hoped to displace American slave-grown cotton from the European market. In an attempt to replicate American success in cultivating cotton, the East India Company sent an allegedly covert operative, Thomas Bayles, to the South to recruit planters willing to move to India and teach southern cotton growing practices. In 1839 and 1840, Bayles spent time in South Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana before departing for India in 1840 with ten recruits. 118 In the spring of 1840 as British and American abolitionists prepared for the World Anti-Slavery Convention, free-produce supporters looked forward to an international movement against the products of slave-labor. British and American abstainers had seemingly developed an international community committed to displacing slave-labor products from the transatlantic market. National organizations such as the American Free Produce Association and the British India Society, as well as regional groups such as the 117 Edward M. Davis to Elizabeth Pease, March 30, 1840, MS.A.1.2.9.23, AS BPL. 118 Southern Quarterly Review, April 1842, 459; Niles Register, March 27, 1841. See also Brian Schoen, The Fragile Fabric of the Union: Cotton, Federal Politics, and the Global Origins of the Civil War (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009), 171; Frenise A. Logan, “A British East India Company Agent in the United States 1839-1840,” Agricultural History 48 (1974), 267-276. 181
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“THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT”: WO
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To Stan
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support, collegiality, and humor. T
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summer seminar, Passages to Freedom
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Supervising Professor: Sam W. Hayne
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1
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PREFACE The grocer takes your 6d. [
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Garrison’s rejection of free prod
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an anti-slavery tactic, one which,
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the chronology of women’s activis
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to “prize goods.” Removing men,
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and even the flesh of the slaves wh
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women possessed these characteristi
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to their constitution recommending
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Produce Association. Mott, Pugh, an
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colony in Africa. 46 Scorned even b
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that are the focus of Salerno’s s
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Unlike earlier histories of abstent
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the context of the Anglo-American a
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PART I THE BRITISH ABSTENTION MOVEM
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meats which are presented to each p
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debate about the nature of commerce
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Fox’s fiery pamphlet, Britons abs
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William Fox, Martha Gurney, and Sug
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The partnership of Gurney and Fox t
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itself more with the abstention mov
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Fox’s argument for abstention res
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praised the effects of tea and impl
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Careful, believed a well-equipped t
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the “spreading leprosy taints ev
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ousing readers to feel sympathy but
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enevolence is reflected in two poli
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careful weighing of the sugar and M
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stories of husbands and fathers ret
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Address allegedly authored by a wom
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sensibility. He declared, “Your c
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interested than she admitted. 76 Wh
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“[Are] we justified in transporti
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Contaminated by blood, sugar failed
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their own hearings about the trade.
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evive the slave trade debate again
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a poor dead Negro’s finger or toe
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that female consumers had themselve
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movement; yet both simultaneously s
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the pages of The Humming Bird, in 1
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Britain’s working class as well a
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Thomas Clarkson once again toured G
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It was the trial of missionary John
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planter, Member of Parliament, and
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continued abolitionist agitation. T
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was linked directly to slave rebell
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The Female Society for Birmingham f
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enevolent associations in this peri
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Discarded Negroes in the Island of
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focused on emancipation, claiming t
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Slavery Associations also listed tr
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donations and subscriptions in 1829
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emphasized the dangers of consumpti
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British consumers, Cropper argued,
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“Speculations on the comparative
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activism. Between 1815 and 1819, wa
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should begin at home. 93 Reviewing
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working class and the enslaved Afri
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The second abstention campaign enga
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PART II THE AMERICAN FREE-PRODUCE M
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1830 and in the Liberator in 1831.
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As editor of the “Ladies’ Repos
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Quakers and the Free Produce Moveme
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development. 15 In 1789, Drinker pu
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slaveholders. In addition to elimin
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that uncritical acceptance of the s
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impossible to distinguish between f
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power in Philadelphia. Both were di
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From the beginning, the “Ladies
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Department” harbored radical pote
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Repository” to promote women’s
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about slavery. 55 As one the earlie
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A sweet rich juice, which White men
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the poem can only make the briefest
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Again” and “The Sugar-Plums”
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inches high in standard alphabetic
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C. Gunn to address the group on the
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and women’s activism in abolition
Page 169 and 170: interference of women.” Chandler
Page 171 and 172: made eight years later calling for
Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER 4 “OH FAINT YOU NOT, YE G
Page 175 and 176: of the transatlantic abolitionist a
Page 177 and 178: Orthodox and Hicksite Quakers both
Page 179 and 180: address proposed that Hicksite Frie
Page 181 and 182: after the schism, Orthodox Quakers
Page 183 and 184: Ohio and Pennsylvania petitions. Th
Page 185 and 186: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthod
Page 187 and 188: Quakers’ reluctance to take colle
Page 189 and 190: statements against slavery, but cau
Page 191 and 192: Hicksite men of Green Street mocked
Page 193 and 194: For the first time, Quaker women jo
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Page 199 and 200: At the 1838 convention, women passe
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Page 217 and 218: Elizabeth Pease played a key role i
Page 219: wrote Pease that the BIS had “cla
Page 223 and 224: PART III THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE-PRO
Page 225 and 226: North. In 1837, the delegates of th
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Page 229 and 230: invigorated by the victories of 183
Page 231 and 232: on American abolitionists to send
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Page 243 and 244: In the 1830s Quaker abolitionists j
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Page 247 and 248: for the slave; rather, Derkin asked
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Page 251 and 252: esolution that was tabled by member
Page 253 and 254: CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION [T]o urge [fre
Page 255 and 256: Wrongs and Their Remedy. There is D
Page 257 and 258: League of Universal Brotherhood. In
Page 259 and 260: statement, yet, because women’s p
Page 261 and 262: Association was integrated by gende
Page 263 and 264: . . . so I decided many years ago n
Page 265 and 266: BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts American A
Page 267 and 268: Freedom’s Journal The Friend The
Page 269 and 270: Anti-Slavery Society. London: Eller
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________. The History of the Rise,
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the Counsel on Each Side, and the F
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Hicks, Elias. Observations on the S
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Narrative of the Proceedings of the
Page 279 and 280:
Taylor, Clare. British and American
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Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture
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Clark, Elizabeth B. “‘The Sacre
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Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy an
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Gratzer, Walter. Terrors of the Tab
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Ingle, H. Larry. “‘A Ball That
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Margolin, Sam. “‘And Freedom to
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Nelson, Elizabeth White. Market Sen
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Westbrook, and R. D. de Prospo, 73-
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________. The Devotion of These Wom
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________. Radical Satire and Print
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Dr. Holcomb is also a member of the
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