THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT - The University of Texas at Arlington

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abstention rhetoric that suggested metropolitan women might easily engage in such behavior if they continued to consume the produce of slaves. In the wake of the Haitian and French Revolutions, abstention writers found the rhetoric of sensibility ineffective. When confronted with the graphic bloodshed of white citizens in the Caribbean and France, violence against slaves slid down the “hierarchy of suffering.” After 1792, abstention rhetoric became more entwined with critiques of Jacobin violence than female behavior. Yet the line between violence and femininity remained uncomfortably thin for many eighteenth-century Britons. In a letter to The Gentleman’s Magazine, “Polinus” ridiculed “Poetesses, who can oppress and abuse one another when opportunity offers [yet] unite in opposition against oppression,” when fashion or opportunity dictated. 100 Thus, when William Fox and Richard Hillier interjected the violence of slavery into women’s tea tables, they reminded readers that the domestic bliss of the white woman’s tea ritual relied upon the destruction of black slave bodies. Invoking the terrors of cannibalism and the disgust of contaminated colonial goods, abstainers such as Andrew Burn attempted to repulse their readers, especially women, into abstaining from slave-grown sugar. As historian Philip Gould argues, abolitionists’ language in this period bordered on the “hyperbolic,” often “staking the fate of ‘civilized’ society on both its commercial relations and habits of consumption.” 101 Eating blood-stained sugar, or worse, after abstainers had made clear the link between slave production in the colonies and domestic consumption in the metropolis, suggested 100 As quoted in Davies, “A Moral Purchase,” 141. 101 Gould, Barbaric Traffic, 30. 46
that female consumers had themselves been consumed by the “world of goods.” Blood- stained sugar as well as cotton remained a powerful trope in abstention rhetoric into the nineteenth century. 47
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“THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT”: WO
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To Stan
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support, collegiality, and humor. T
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summer seminar, Passages to Freedom
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Supervising Professor: Sam W. Hayne
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1
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PREFACE The grocer takes your 6d. [
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Garrison’s rejection of free prod
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an anti-slavery tactic, one which,
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the chronology of women’s activis
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to “prize goods.” Removing men,
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and even the flesh of the slaves wh
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women possessed these characteristi
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to their constitution recommending
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Produce Association. Mott, Pugh, an
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colony in Africa. 46 Scorned even b
Page 35 and 36: that are the focus of Salerno’s s
Page 37 and 38: Unlike earlier histories of abstent
Page 39 and 40: the context of the Anglo-American a
Page 41 and 42: PART I THE BRITISH ABSTENTION MOVEM
Page 43 and 44: meats which are presented to each p
Page 45 and 46: debate about the nature of commerce
Page 47 and 48: Fox’s fiery pamphlet, Britons abs
Page 49 and 50: William Fox, Martha Gurney, and Sug
Page 51 and 52: The partnership of Gurney and Fox t
Page 53 and 54: itself more with the abstention mov
Page 55 and 56: Fox’s argument for abstention res
Page 57 and 58: praised the effects of tea and impl
Page 59 and 60: Careful, believed a well-equipped t
Page 61 and 62: the “spreading leprosy taints ev
Page 63 and 64: ousing readers to feel sympathy but
Page 65 and 66: enevolence is reflected in two poli
Page 67 and 68: careful weighing of the sugar and M
Page 69 and 70: stories of husbands and fathers ret
Page 71 and 72: Address allegedly authored by a wom
Page 73 and 74: sensibility. He declared, “Your c
Page 75 and 76: interested than she admitted. 76 Wh
Page 77 and 78: “[Are] we justified in transporti
Page 79 and 80: Contaminated by blood, sugar failed
Page 81 and 82: their own hearings about the trade.
Page 83 and 84: evive the slave trade debate again
Page 85: a poor dead Negro’s finger or toe
Page 89 and 90: movement; yet both simultaneously s
Page 91 and 92: the pages of The Humming Bird, in 1
Page 93 and 94: Britain’s working class as well a
Page 95 and 96: Thomas Clarkson once again toured G
Page 97 and 98: It was the trial of missionary John
Page 99 and 100: planter, Member of Parliament, and
Page 101 and 102: continued abolitionist agitation. T
Page 103 and 104: was linked directly to slave rebell
Page 105 and 106: The Female Society for Birmingham f
Page 107 and 108: enevolent associations in this peri
Page 109 and 110: Discarded Negroes in the Island of
Page 111 and 112: focused on emancipation, claiming t
Page 113 and 114: Slavery Associations also listed tr
Page 115 and 116: donations and subscriptions in 1829
Page 117 and 118: emphasized the dangers of consumpti
Page 119 and 120: British consumers, Cropper argued,
Page 121 and 122: “Speculations on the comparative
Page 123 and 124: activism. Between 1815 and 1819, wa
Page 125 and 126: should begin at home. 93 Reviewing
Page 127 and 128: working class and the enslaved Afri
Page 129 and 130: The second abstention campaign enga
Page 131 and 132: PART II THE AMERICAN FREE-PRODUCE M
Page 133 and 134: 1830 and in the Liberator in 1831.
Page 135 and 136: As editor of the “Ladies’ Repos
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Quakers and the Free Produce Moveme
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development. 15 In 1789, Drinker pu
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slaveholders. In addition to elimin
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that uncritical acceptance of the s
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impossible to distinguish between f
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power in Philadelphia. Both were di
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From the beginning, the “Ladies
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Department” harbored radical pote
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Repository” to promote women’s
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about slavery. 55 As one the earlie
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A sweet rich juice, which White men
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the poem can only make the briefest
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Again” and “The Sugar-Plums”
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inches high in standard alphabetic
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C. Gunn to address the group on the
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and women’s activism in abolition
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interference of women.” Chandler
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made eight years later calling for
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CHAPTER 4 “OH FAINT YOU NOT, YE G
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of the transatlantic abolitionist a
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Orthodox and Hicksite Quakers both
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address proposed that Hicksite Frie
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after the schism, Orthodox Quakers
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Ohio and Pennsylvania petitions. Th
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Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthod
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Quakers’ reluctance to take colle
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statements against slavery, but cau
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Hicksite men of Green Street mocked
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For the first time, Quaker women jo
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earn a sufficient income. By 1840,
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to their board. New York women were
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At the 1838 convention, women passe
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widely available. In the meantime,
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forms of female activism that reinf
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anti-slavery societies, Massachuset
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Gunn to participate in the conventi
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White and other owners of free-labo
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cotton, which was subsequently manu
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interests at the international meet
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with the publication of a circular
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Elizabeth Pease played a key role i
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wrote Pease that the BIS had “cla
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was the most effective tactic: “Y
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PART III THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE-PRO
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North. In 1837, the delegates of th
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evident in the way British and Amer
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invigorated by the victories of 183
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on American abolitionists to send
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admission of the female delegates,
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presented earlier in the week. 17 T
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American abolitionists’ antipathy
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American Free Produce in the 1840s
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presented a resolution to dissolve
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In the 1830s Quaker abolitionists j
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challenged Friends to examine their
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for the slave; rather, Derkin asked
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attendance at the annual meeting be
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esolution that was tabled by member
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION [T]o urge [fre
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Wrongs and Their Remedy. There is D
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League of Universal Brotherhood. In
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statement, yet, because women’s p
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Association was integrated by gende
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. . . so I decided many years ago n
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts American A
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Freedom’s Journal The Friend The
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Anti-Slavery Society. London: Eller
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________. The History of the Rise,
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the Counsel on Each Side, and the F
Page 275 and 276:
Hicks, Elias. Observations on the S
Page 277 and 278:
Narrative of the Proceedings of the
Page 279 and 280:
Taylor, Clare. British and American
Page 281 and 282:
Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture
Page 283 and 284:
Clark, Elizabeth B. “‘The Sacre
Page 285 and 286:
Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy an
Page 287 and 288:
Gratzer, Walter. Terrors of the Tab
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Ingle, H. Larry. “‘A Ball That
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Margolin, Sam. “‘And Freedom to
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Nelson, Elizabeth White. Market Sen
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Westbrook, and R. D. de Prospo, 73-
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________. The Devotion of These Wom
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________. Radical Satire and Print
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Dr. Holcomb is also a member of the
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