THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT - The University of Texas at Arlington

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influenced by the work of British Quaker Elizabeth Heyrick. Indeed, as we have seen, Heyrick’s activism inspired the formation of many American anti-slavery and free- produced associations. Their rejection by British women — even if for reasons of “sectarian zeal” — was deeply disappointing for American women. British abolitionists Elizabeth Pease and Anne Knight were notable exceptions, welcoming the American women yet helpless to bridge the divide between American and British women. “Every obstacle was thrown in the way,” Pease noted of Mott’s attempts to set up a meeting. “I regretted it deeply & several of us mourned over our utter inability to help it,” she explained. 16 Pease, in particular, would remain an important link between American women like Mott and sympathetic British female abolitionists in the 1840s. In the final days of the convention, when delegates failed to endorse a strong free-produce resolution, Mott linked the weak stance on free produce to the rejection of the female delegates. Charles Stuart introduced the free-produce resolution on June 20, the ninth day of the convention. Stuart, a native of Jamaica and a retired British army officer, had been active in anti-slavery in the United States and the West Indies. When the American abolitionists divided, Stuart sided with the Tappans and the American and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society. Introduction of the resolution followed William Adam’s report on slavery in India and the Committee on Free Labour’s report to the convention, both account of the religious opinions of the latter; and I am not alone in believing that this had some influence in the decision of the Convention; but we were unable to see what our opinions on doctrines had to do in preventing our pleading the cause of the down-trodden humanity.” Hallowell, James and Lucretia Mott, 199. 16 Elizabeth Pease to unknown, July 17, 1840, BAA, 102. Mott later noted “a strong binding tie of affection with all our band of ‘rejected delegates.’” Hallowell, James and Lucretia Mott, 232. 194
presented earlier in the week. 17 The resolution “recommended” abstention from slave- labor products “as far as practicable.” Several delegates debated the meaning of “as far as practicable,” some arguing the phrase could be interpreted as promoting abstinence only to the extent that it was convenient for the consumer. Delegates cited the inconsistency of abstainers, the impossibility of remaining entirely free of slave-labor, and the impact widespread abstinence would have on laborers in the American South and Lancashire, in particular. William Adam reiterated the need for reformation in India before relying upon the East for an increase in free-labor goods. After much debate, the delegates worked out a series of resolutions that asserted the profitability of free labor and the view that the use of free labor in the production of sugar and cotton would lead to the abolition of slavery in the United States. The delegates, however, were unable to obtain any resolution against the use of slave-labor products. In place of the resolution, the convention delegates instead called for a committee to compile a list of slave-grown products. 18 The free-produce resolutions adopted by the convention emphasized economic rather than moral arguments for abstaining from slave-labor products. The moral stance sought by Mott, Pugh and other members of the AFPA was ignored. 17 Both of these reports were later issued as individual publications. See William Adam, Slavery in India: Paper Presented to the General Anti-Slavery Convention (London: Thomas Ward and Co., 1840); Joseph Sturge, Report on Free Labour, Presented to the General Anti-Slaver Convention (London: Johnston & Harrett, c. 1840). 18 British and Foreign Anti-Slavery, Society, Proceedings of the General Anti-Slavery Convention Called by the Committee of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society and Held in London from Friday, 12th, to Tuesday, June 23rd, 1840 General Anti-Slavery Convention (London: British and Foreign Anti- Slavery Society, 1841), 437-454. 195
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“THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT”: WO
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To Stan
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support, collegiality, and humor. T
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summer seminar, Passages to Freedom
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Supervising Professor: Sam W. Hayne
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1
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PREFACE The grocer takes your 6d. [
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Garrison’s rejection of free prod
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an anti-slavery tactic, one which,
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the chronology of women’s activis
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to “prize goods.” Removing men,
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and even the flesh of the slaves wh
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women possessed these characteristi
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to their constitution recommending
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Produce Association. Mott, Pugh, an
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colony in Africa. 46 Scorned even b
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that are the focus of Salerno’s s
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Unlike earlier histories of abstent
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the context of the Anglo-American a
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PART I THE BRITISH ABSTENTION MOVEM
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meats which are presented to each p
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debate about the nature of commerce
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Fox’s fiery pamphlet, Britons abs
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William Fox, Martha Gurney, and Sug
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The partnership of Gurney and Fox t
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itself more with the abstention mov
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Fox’s argument for abstention res
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praised the effects of tea and impl
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Careful, believed a well-equipped t
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the “spreading leprosy taints ev
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ousing readers to feel sympathy but
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enevolence is reflected in two poli
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careful weighing of the sugar and M
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stories of husbands and fathers ret
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Address allegedly authored by a wom
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sensibility. He declared, “Your c
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interested than she admitted. 76 Wh
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“[Are] we justified in transporti
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Contaminated by blood, sugar failed
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their own hearings about the trade.
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evive the slave trade debate again
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a poor dead Negro’s finger or toe
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that female consumers had themselve
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movement; yet both simultaneously s
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the pages of The Humming Bird, in 1
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Britain’s working class as well a
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Thomas Clarkson once again toured G
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It was the trial of missionary John
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planter, Member of Parliament, and
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continued abolitionist agitation. T
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was linked directly to slave rebell
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The Female Society for Birmingham f
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enevolent associations in this peri
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Discarded Negroes in the Island of
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focused on emancipation, claiming t
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Slavery Associations also listed tr
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donations and subscriptions in 1829
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emphasized the dangers of consumpti
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British consumers, Cropper argued,
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“Speculations on the comparative
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activism. Between 1815 and 1819, wa
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should begin at home. 93 Reviewing
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working class and the enslaved Afri
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The second abstention campaign enga
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PART II THE AMERICAN FREE-PRODUCE M
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1830 and in the Liberator in 1831.
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As editor of the “Ladies’ Repos
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Quakers and the Free Produce Moveme
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development. 15 In 1789, Drinker pu
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slaveholders. In addition to elimin
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that uncritical acceptance of the s
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impossible to distinguish between f
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power in Philadelphia. Both were di
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From the beginning, the “Ladies
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Department” harbored radical pote
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Repository” to promote women’s
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about slavery. 55 As one the earlie
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A sweet rich juice, which White men
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the poem can only make the briefest
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Again” and “The Sugar-Plums”
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inches high in standard alphabetic
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C. Gunn to address the group on the
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and women’s activism in abolition
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interference of women.” Chandler
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made eight years later calling for
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CHAPTER 4 “OH FAINT YOU NOT, YE G
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of the transatlantic abolitionist a
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Orthodox and Hicksite Quakers both
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address proposed that Hicksite Frie
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after the schism, Orthodox Quakers
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Page 185 and 186: Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthod
Page 187 and 188: Quakers’ reluctance to take colle
Page 189 and 190: statements against slavery, but cau
Page 191 and 192: Hicksite men of Green Street mocked
Page 193 and 194: For the first time, Quaker women jo
Page 195 and 196: earn a sufficient income. By 1840,
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Page 199 and 200: At the 1838 convention, women passe
Page 201 and 202: widely available. In the meantime,
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Page 209 and 210: White and other owners of free-labo
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Page 213 and 214: interests at the international meet
Page 215 and 216: with the publication of a circular
Page 217 and 218: Elizabeth Pease played a key role i
Page 219 and 220: wrote Pease that the BIS had “cla
Page 221 and 222: was the most effective tactic: “Y
Page 223 and 224: PART III THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE-PRO
Page 225 and 226: North. In 1837, the delegates of th
Page 227 and 228: evident in the way British and Amer
Page 229 and 230: invigorated by the victories of 183
Page 231 and 232: on American abolitionists to send
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Page 239 and 240: American Free Produce in the 1840s
Page 241 and 242: presented a resolution to dissolve
Page 243 and 244: In the 1830s Quaker abolitionists j
Page 245 and 246: challenged Friends to examine their
Page 247 and 248: for the slave; rather, Derkin asked
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Page 251 and 252: esolution that was tabled by member
Page 253 and 254: CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION [T]o urge [fre
Page 255 and 256: Wrongs and Their Remedy. There is D
Page 257 and 258: League of Universal Brotherhood. In
Page 259 and 260: statement, yet, because women’s p
Page 261 and 262: Association was integrated by gende
Page 263 and 264: . . . so I decided many years ago n
Page 265 and 266: BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts American A
Page 267 and 268: Freedom’s Journal The Friend The
Page 269 and 270: Anti-Slavery Society. London: Eller
Page 271 and 272: ________. The History of the Rise,
Page 273 and 274: the Counsel on Each Side, and the F
Page 275 and 276: Hicks, Elias. Observations on the S
Page 277 and 278: Narrative of the Proceedings of the
Page 279 and 280: Taylor, Clare. British and American
Page 281 and 282: Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture
Page 283 and 284: Clark, Elizabeth B. “‘The Sacre
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Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy an
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Gratzer, Walter. Terrors of the Tab
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Ingle, H. Larry. “‘A Ball That
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Margolin, Sam. “‘And Freedom to
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Nelson, Elizabeth White. Market Sen
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Westbrook, and R. D. de Prospo, 73-
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________. The Devotion of These Wom
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________. Radical Satire and Print
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Dr. Holcomb is also a member of the
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