THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT - The University of Texas at Arlington

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Figure 1. James Gillray. “Anti-Saccharites, - or - John Bull and His Family Leaving off the Use of Sugar,” 1792. Courtesy of British Museum, London. The second political cartoon, “The Gradual Abolition off [sic] the Slave Trade, or leaving of Sugar by Degrees,” makes similar references to the problematic presence of women at the tea table and in the sugar boycott. (See Fig. 2) Once again, Queen Charlotte’s behavior at the tea table is the focus of attention. Carefully weighing the sugar, the Queen tells Mrs. Schwellenberg, Keeper of the Robes, to take “only an ickle Bit” and to reflect on “de Negro Girl dat Captain Kimber treated so Cruelly.” 63 The 63 Cruikshank referenced a contemporary case involving Captain John Kimber, who was tried for his part in the murder of an African woman who refused to dance naked for him on the deck of his ship. A week before Cruikshank published “The Gradual Abolition of the Slave Trade,” he published a satire of the 26
careful weighing of the sugar and Mrs. Schwellenberg’s assertion that she has taken only a small amount reminds the viewer of the luxurious history of sugar. Often upper-class families kept expensive goods such as sugar and tea in locked boxes to prevent theft by servants. On the left side of the image, Princess Elizabeth refuses to give up sugar, claiming that she cannot forgo a “good thing.” Her sister, however, turns away in disgust emphasizing her rejection with dramatic facial expressions and hand gestures. As in Gillray’s cartoon, women’s support of abstention is ambiguous. Kimber case, “The Abolition of the Slave Trade.” For a discussion of Kimber and of the Cruikshank satire, see Carey, British Abolitionism and the Rhetoric of Sensibility, 179-185; Oldfield, Popular Politics, 175. 27
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“THERE IS DEATH IN THE POT”: WO
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To Stan
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support, collegiality, and humor. T
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summer seminar, Passages to Freedom
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Supervising Professor: Sam W. Hayne
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1
Page 15 and 16: PREFACE The grocer takes your 6d. [
Page 17 and 18: Garrison’s rejection of free prod
Page 19 and 20: an anti-slavery tactic, one which,
Page 21 and 22: the chronology of women’s activis
Page 23 and 24: to “prize goods.” Removing men,
Page 25 and 26: and even the flesh of the slaves wh
Page 27 and 28: women possessed these characteristi
Page 29 and 30: to their constitution recommending
Page 31 and 32: Produce Association. Mott, Pugh, an
Page 33 and 34: colony in Africa. 46 Scorned even b
Page 35 and 36: that are the focus of Salerno’s s
Page 37 and 38: Unlike earlier histories of abstent
Page 39 and 40: the context of the Anglo-American a
Page 41 and 42: PART I THE BRITISH ABSTENTION MOVEM
Page 43 and 44: meats which are presented to each p
Page 45 and 46: debate about the nature of commerce
Page 47 and 48: Fox’s fiery pamphlet, Britons abs
Page 49 and 50: William Fox, Martha Gurney, and Sug
Page 51 and 52: The partnership of Gurney and Fox t
Page 53 and 54: itself more with the abstention mov
Page 55 and 56: Fox’s argument for abstention res
Page 57 and 58: praised the effects of tea and impl
Page 59 and 60: Careful, believed a well-equipped t
Page 61 and 62: the “spreading leprosy taints ev
Page 63 and 64: ousing readers to feel sympathy but
Page 65: enevolence is reflected in two poli
Page 69 and 70: stories of husbands and fathers ret
Page 71 and 72: Address allegedly authored by a wom
Page 73 and 74: sensibility. He declared, “Your c
Page 75 and 76: interested than she admitted. 76 Wh
Page 77 and 78: “[Are] we justified in transporti
Page 79 and 80: Contaminated by blood, sugar failed
Page 81 and 82: their own hearings about the trade.
Page 83 and 84: evive the slave trade debate again
Page 85 and 86: a poor dead Negro’s finger or toe
Page 87 and 88: that female consumers had themselve
Page 89 and 90: movement; yet both simultaneously s
Page 91 and 92: the pages of The Humming Bird, in 1
Page 93 and 94: Britain’s working class as well a
Page 95 and 96: Thomas Clarkson once again toured G
Page 97 and 98: It was the trial of missionary John
Page 99 and 100: planter, Member of Parliament, and
Page 101 and 102: continued abolitionist agitation. T
Page 103 and 104: was linked directly to slave rebell
Page 105 and 106: The Female Society for Birmingham f
Page 107 and 108: enevolent associations in this peri
Page 109 and 110: Discarded Negroes in the Island of
Page 111 and 112: focused on emancipation, claiming t
Page 113 and 114: Slavery Associations also listed tr
Page 115 and 116: donations and subscriptions in 1829
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emphasized the dangers of consumpti
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British consumers, Cropper argued,
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“Speculations on the comparative
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activism. Between 1815 and 1819, wa
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should begin at home. 93 Reviewing
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working class and the enslaved Afri
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The second abstention campaign enga
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PART II THE AMERICAN FREE-PRODUCE M
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1830 and in the Liberator in 1831.
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As editor of the “Ladies’ Repos
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Quakers and the Free Produce Moveme
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development. 15 In 1789, Drinker pu
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slaveholders. In addition to elimin
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that uncritical acceptance of the s
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impossible to distinguish between f
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power in Philadelphia. Both were di
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From the beginning, the “Ladies
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Department” harbored radical pote
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Repository” to promote women’s
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about slavery. 55 As one the earlie
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A sweet rich juice, which White men
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the poem can only make the briefest
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Again” and “The Sugar-Plums”
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inches high in standard alphabetic
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C. Gunn to address the group on the
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and women’s activism in abolition
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interference of women.” Chandler
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made eight years later calling for
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CHAPTER 4 “OH FAINT YOU NOT, YE G
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of the transatlantic abolitionist a
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Orthodox and Hicksite Quakers both
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address proposed that Hicksite Frie
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after the schism, Orthodox Quakers
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Ohio and Pennsylvania petitions. Th
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Philadelphia Yearly Meeting (Orthod
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Quakers’ reluctance to take colle
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statements against slavery, but cau
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Hicksite men of Green Street mocked
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For the first time, Quaker women jo
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earn a sufficient income. By 1840,
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to their board. New York women were
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At the 1838 convention, women passe
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widely available. In the meantime,
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forms of female activism that reinf
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anti-slavery societies, Massachuset
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Gunn to participate in the conventi
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White and other owners of free-labo
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cotton, which was subsequently manu
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interests at the international meet
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with the publication of a circular
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Elizabeth Pease played a key role i
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wrote Pease that the BIS had “cla
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was the most effective tactic: “Y
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PART III THE TRANSATLANTIC FREE-PRO
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North. In 1837, the delegates of th
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evident in the way British and Amer
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invigorated by the victories of 183
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on American abolitionists to send
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admission of the female delegates,
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presented earlier in the week. 17 T
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American abolitionists’ antipathy
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American Free Produce in the 1840s
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presented a resolution to dissolve
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In the 1830s Quaker abolitionists j
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challenged Friends to examine their
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for the slave; rather, Derkin asked
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attendance at the annual meeting be
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esolution that was tabled by member
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION [T]o urge [fre
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Wrongs and Their Remedy. There is D
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League of Universal Brotherhood. In
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statement, yet, because women’s p
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Association was integrated by gende
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. . . so I decided many years ago n
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Manuscripts American A
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Freedom’s Journal The Friend The
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Anti-Slavery Society. London: Eller
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________. The History of the Rise,
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the Counsel on Each Side, and the F
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Hicks, Elias. Observations on the S
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Narrative of the Proceedings of the
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Taylor, Clare. British and American
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Barker-Benfield, G. J. The Culture
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Clark, Elizabeth B. “‘The Sacre
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Dillon, Merton L. Benjamin Lundy an
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Gratzer, Walter. Terrors of the Tab
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Ingle, H. Larry. “‘A Ball That
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Margolin, Sam. “‘And Freedom to
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Nelson, Elizabeth White. Market Sen
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Westbrook, and R. D. de Prospo, 73-
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________. The Devotion of These Wom
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________. Radical Satire and Print
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Dr. Holcomb is also a member of the
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