Soil Survey of Lincoln County, West Virginia - Soil Data Mart - US ...

Soil Survey of Lincoln County, West Virginia
Permafrost. Layers of soil, or even bedrock, occurring in arctic or subarctic regions,
in which a temperature below freezing has existed continuously for a long time.
Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water or air to move downward
through the profile. The rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is accepted
as a measure of this quality. In soil physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated
hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” In line with
conventional usage in the engineering profession and with traditional usage in
published soil surveys, this rate of flow continues to be expressed as
“permeability.” Terms describing permeability, measured in inches per hour, are as
follows:
Impermeable ............................. less than 0.0015 inch
Very slow ...................................... 0.0015 to 0.06 inch
Slow .................................................... 0.06 to 0.2 inch
Moderately slow .................................... 0.2 to 0.6 inch
Moderate ................................... 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches
Moderately rapid ............................... 2.0 to 6.0 inches
Rapid .................................................. 6.0 to 20 inches
Very rapid ................................... more than 20 inches
Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on features that affect its use and
management, such as slope, stoniness, and flooding.
pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction,
soil.)
Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities by water
moving through the soil.
Pitting (in tables). Pits caused by melting around ice. They form on the soil after plant
cover is removed.
Plasticity index. The numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic
limit; the range of moisture content within which the soil remains plastic.
Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil changes from semisolid to plastic.
Plateau. An extensive upland mass with relatively flat summit area that is
considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above adjacent lowlands and
separated from them on one or more sides by escarpments.
Playa. The generally dry and nearly level lake plain that occupies the lowest parts of
closed depressional areas, such as those on intermontane basin floors.
Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation and runoff.
Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture of clay with
quartz and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, usually in platy,
polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone
hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated wetting and drying, especially if it
is exposed also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be cut with a
spade. It is a form of laterite.
Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil directly below the plowed layer.
Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed depressions. Unless the soils are
artificially drained, the water can be removed only by percolation or
evapotranspiration.
Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil material consisting mainly of
particles of nearly the same size. Because there is little difference in size of the
particles, density can be increased only slightly by compaction.
Potential native plant community. See Climax plant community.
Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth). Depth to which roots could
penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has no
properties restricting the penetration of roots to this depth.
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