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The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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List <strong>of</strong> Figures.......................................................................................................... 5<br />

List <strong>of</strong> Tables............................................................................................................6<br />

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................7<br />

Summary <strong>of</strong> dissertation................................................................................ 16<br />

Chapter 1 - History <strong>of</strong> <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong> as a general phenomenon..................................21<br />

<strong>The</strong> history <strong>of</strong> div<strong>in</strong>atio prior to Cicero............................................................. 21<br />

Cicero’s De <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong>e......................................................................................23<br />

Modern treatments <strong>of</strong> <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong> as a general term............................................25<br />

Chapter 2 - A History <strong>of</strong> Modern Div<strong>in</strong>ation Research......................................... 29<br />

Foundations - End <strong>of</strong> the 19th century start <strong>of</strong> the 20th ....................................30<br />

<strong>The</strong> British thread ..........................................................................................30<br />

<strong>The</strong> French thread.......................................................................................... 32<br />

Edward Evans Evans-Pritchard .....................................................................33<br />

Elaborations........................................................................................................35<br />

Summary............................................................................................................ 43<br />

Chapter 3 - Def<strong>in</strong>ition and typology <strong>of</strong> <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong>.................................................47<br />

Chapter 4 - Impetrative Div<strong>in</strong>ation........................................................................ 53<br />

Motivation..........................................................................................................53<br />

Life models.....................................................................................................56<br />

Motivation as a feedback system................................................................... 57<br />

Motivation for <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong>............................................................................... 59<br />

Summary........................................................................................................ 62<br />

Sign production.................................................................................................. 64<br />

<strong>The</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> ritualized action on the evaluation <strong>of</strong> credibility <strong>in</strong> <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong>.69<br />

<strong>The</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> different types <strong>of</strong> ritual techniques........................................... 75<br />

Summary........................................................................................................ 79<br />

Communicative basis..................................................................................... 89<br />

Restricted symbol system...............................................................................93<br />

Utility............................................................................................................. 94<br />

Credibility...................................................................................................... 96<br />

Summary...................................................................................................... 104<br />

Chapter 6 - Cultural epidemiology.......................................................................110<br />

Chapter 7 - Research history on Roman <strong>div<strong>in</strong>ation</strong>............................................. 121<br />

Chronology <strong>of</strong> research on Roman Div<strong>in</strong>ation................................................ 121<br />

Classical philology.......................................................................................121<br />

Anthropology............................................................................................... 123<br />

Post evolutionism.........................................................................................124<br />

Fear and trembl<strong>in</strong>g....................................................................................... 125<br />

Manipulation................................................................................................ 126<br />

Draw<strong>in</strong>g lots- chance and ritual................................................................... 127<br />

Recent developments................................................................................... 128<br />

Summary...................................................................................................... 129<br />

Four central theses <strong>in</strong> the history <strong>of</strong> Roman Div<strong>in</strong>ation.................................. 129<br />

<strong>The</strong> historical thesis......................................................................................129<br />

<strong>The</strong> formalist thesis ...................................................................................130<br />

<strong>The</strong> fear thesis.............................................................................................. 131<br />

<strong>The</strong> functional thesis.................................................................................... 135<br />

Summary...................................................................................................... 137<br />

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