The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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Market fell on the first of January* Owl seen and caught Statue sweated for three days Fire from south to east Many different kinds of rain * The market day, nundinae, is calculated on the basis of an eight day cycle which were not fixed to the regular dates of the calendar (Michels: 1978:27). It is probably the day after the Kalends of January (1 January). Such days were called dies postriduani and were considered dies atri, that is “black” days (Michels: 1978:65). Either way, a black day to start off the year must have sounded gloomy to the Romans. 50 Obs.65 Mules were foaling Fire destroyed a big part of the city Note: Rasmussen counts the last one as a prodigy (Rasmussen 2003: 109). It is however described as like a prodigy (prodigii loco habitum) and therefore not included. Plin.Nat.2.147 Rain of wool C. Carissanum Rain of boiled bricks Note: They are taken to portend the death of Milo. Therefore it could be that they were instead omens. They are however described as treated as prodigies, that is, related to the senate (relatum) and written down. 48 Obs.65a Note: This is an omen story about Pompei, where several omens are mentioned as going against Pompei. Rasmussen counts them as prodigies (Rasmussen 2003: 110). They have not been included here. Plin.Nat.2.92 Fire in the sky in the west. Dio.42.26.1-2 Bees in the temple of Hercules on the Capitol Roma 47 Dio.42.26.1-2 Earthquake Lightning strikes, among other things the temple of Fortuna Publica Roma 272
Doors to the temple of Fortuna opened by themselves Blood flowed from a bakery to another temple of Fortuna Child born with left hand attached to his head 46 Obs.66 10 legions of Pompei’s son’s flew into the sky Note: This is not mentioned in the parallel passage in Dio (Dio.43.2). It is therefore taken as an omen story. Dio.43.2.1 Wolves in the city Pig born resembling an elephant 44 Obs.67 Caesar did not find a heart in the entrails of his sacrificial victim His wife had a bad dream The doors to his room opened by themselves Note: these are all omens to Caesar. Obs.68, Plin.Nat.2.98., Dio.45.17.2-8 Signs about Augustus as heir to Caesar* Fire in the sky Earthquake Many lightning strikes Statue fell because of tornado Tablets fell from the temple of Fides Door destroyed in the temple of Ops Trees uprooted For seven days a star shone brightly Fire in the sky towards the west Three suns Letters in Anthony’s and Dollabella’s names fell out in the temple of Castor* Howling of wolves in front of Lepidus’ house * School of fish stranded on land Ostia Po flooded, when retracted snakes left Po * These are not taken as prodigies, but as omens or a later interpellations caused by Augustan propaganda. They can also be found in Plin.Nat.2.98. Note: The text is one great mixture of omens and prodigies. In general it is difficult to separate the prodigies from the omens, especially since the later Augustan history writing, on which we are entirely dependent, has plenty of reason to twist the exposition towards giving 273
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The Dissemination of Divination in
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Chapter 8 - Sources to Roman Divina
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List of Figures Figure 3.1. Types o
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Acknowledgements Certain parts of t
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people. It is almost unanimously ag
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that precludes the investigation fr
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asic cognitive functions could acco
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Lienard & Feeney 2006), prayer (Bar
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“the making clear of something”
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In chapter 5 it is argued that obla
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Chapter 1 - History of divination a
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with *-eu appears in two forms. One
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involving the Korinthian Polyidos.
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The 15 th edition of the Encyclopae
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Chapter 2 - A History of Modern Div
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and games of chance a secondary dev
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causes. This is also the case conce
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Evans-Pritchard also uses a lot of
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through casting the decision “upo
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transformed and new relations are g
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Somewhat between the great currents
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efutations. With this article Zeitl
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the function of divination. Special
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Chapter 3 - Definition and typology
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means signs obtained from the gods
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producer. In this case we see that
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Chapter 4 - Impetrative Divination
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ontogenetic histories. Some feeling
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direct people in their life. It can
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or potential misfortune or lack of
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Before making blood-brotherhood Bef
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It was argued that emotion was cent
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Figure 4.2. Intentional action It i
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Figure 4.4. Ritualized action in di
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was the counterintuitive agent who
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education. 43 These problems requir
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Credibility 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1
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Clairvoyant, and Astrologist. There
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Materials A booklet similar to the
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Summary The thesis of this chapter
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present existence, as the slogan go
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Let us presently consider how hyper
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1963). Michotte had subjects watch
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another that they were playing agai
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monkeys. There is evidence that in
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Sperber and Wilson programmatically
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humans communicate by producing sig
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Let us consider some examples of th
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Henrich and Gil-White supply precis
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communicator (T.S. Elliot) or a mil
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professors are not routinely attrib
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thought it most likely the main cha
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Chapter 5 - Oblative divination 82
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her life”. 85 In the example the
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in the city. To most modern people
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answer. In oblative divination the
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Figure 6.1. brings together the obs
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questions on how much disease there
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While many good and detailed models
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Unexpected event Figure 6.3. Web of
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Chapter 7 - Research history on Rom
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assumption is that divination, espe
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It can be seen that Latte's as well
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oth shared the same attitude toward
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vastly different views on what legi
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& Scheid 1994; Linder & Scheid 1993
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the observation. If the fear thesis
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Based on the evidence available to
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linear regression analysis was made
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criticism of it. His antiquarian cu
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Post-republican writers Verrius Fla
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M. Servius Honoratus Marius Servius
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The only full description we have o
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called interpretes Iovi, interprete
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All places where auspices should be
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anyhow. There is therefore no reaso
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The credibility value of the greate
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according to Cicero, the point is t
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Utility and Credibility value The a
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History Since it is mentioned in th
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Technique Let us consider public so
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Private sortition Private sortition
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shuffled the lots and drew one 149
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Extispicy is a form of divination w
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public use of extispicy are perform
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(North 1990). In Etruria these indi
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Sibylline books The Sibylline Books
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The word vates can probably be trac
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counterintuitive agent. In all the
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Howevere, there are practices in wh
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Technique Descriptives Credibility
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History Let us see how these observ
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Summary To summarize the conclusion
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as specified in equation 3, but it
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Dissemination Private sortition Pub
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“may the gods avert (bad) omens
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excelled every race and every natio
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calf ran away and spattered many of
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the cultural model of omens, identi
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very widespread 196 and along with
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Although there is great imprecision
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1,2 1 0,4 0,2 0 Omen words in Greek
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e distinguished: nuntiatio, relatio
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ating whether a prodigy involved a
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Year BCE 218-190 189-162 160-132 13
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distinction between public and priv
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140,00 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40
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two seem to have been used in the c
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8) Sacrificia vetusta occultaque mi
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The actual interpretations we hear
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Page 223 and 224: consideration here the cultural mod
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Page 231 and 232: practices that did not survive were
Page 233 and 234: divination. At the same time the op
Page 235 and 236: Appendix 1 The Kurabi among the Mwa
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 2 The Guzul In Central Aus
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 4 Roman Words Omen Prodigi
Page 241 and 242: Theocritus 21261 1.88 1.88 0 0 0.32
Page 243 and 244: Moon fell down Capua Goats got wool
Page 245 and 246: Note: *this is possibly not a separ
Page 247 and 248: Temple of Ceres struck by lightning
Page 249 and 250: Sheep with two heads born Suessa Pi
Page 251 and 252: 12 year old hermaphrodite discovere
Page 253 and 254: Cows were talking Campania Bronze c
Page 255 and 256: *This prodigy may be the same as th
Page 257 and 258: 156 Storm destroys sacred places on
Page 259 and 260: * Since the Graecostasis was right
Page 261 and 262: An owl was seen on the Capitol Roma
Page 263 and 264: * Rasmussen counts as two (Rasmusse
Page 265 and 266: Sun formed a disc like a shield at
Page 267 and 268: Two calfs were found in the entrail
Page 269 and 270: Fire in the sky Note: While this pr
Page 271: Tornado ripped of roofs Bridge coll
Page 275 and 276: Appendix 6 Examples of counterintui
Page 277 and 278: Bibliography Primary Sources 220 La
Page 279 and 280: Secondary sources Abbink, J. 1993:
Page 281 and 282: Bering, J. M. and Johnson, D. P. 20
Page 283 and 284: Callaway, H. 1970: The Religious Sy
Page 285 and 286: Dumezil, G. 1970: Archaic Roman Rel
Page 287 and 288: Guillaumont, F. 1984: Philosophe et
Page 289 and 290: Koenig, M. A., Clement, F., and Har
Page 291 and 292: Luterbacher, F. 1967: Der Prodigien
Page 293 and 294: Patton, L. L. 2000: "The Magic in M
Page 295 and 296: Schilling, R. 1979: "A propos des "
Page 297 and 298: Taylor, L. R. 1949: Party Politics
Page 299 and 300: Woodward, J. 2000: "Explanation and
Page 301 and 302: Oprindeligt blev divination forklar
Page 303 and 304: menneskelig perception eller ræson
Page 305 and 306: I kapitel 6 sammenlignes observatio
Page 307 and 308: Den sidste ligning udtrykker, at sa
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The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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