The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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comedy is Old Greek Comedy, while Plautus and Terrence imitate the New Greek Comedy. Second, there is a difference between the Roman and Greek comedy. Roman comedy was more for the average people, high as well as low, whereas Greek comedy was more for the elite. The results of the comparison can be seen in figure 10.6. Instances per 10000 words 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 Omen words in Greek and Roman comedy Omen Prodigium Portentum Monstrum Auspicium Augurium Word Figure 10.6. Omen words in Greek and Roman comedy 198 Ostentum Teras Sumbolon Sema Minimum Maximum Although the result is not as clear, we see the same trend. The Roman comedy used more different words and, taken together, more often than Greek comedy did. The result might still be attributable more to the genre of Comedy, than because of an actual difference. We can test this by comparing another genre: rhetoric. Speeches are also a good source for assessing what people knew, since the success of a speech depends on convincing the audience. Audiences are rarely convinced when they don’t know what is being spoken about. We can compare Cicero’s speeches, which is the only proper source for Roman speeches we possess, with the Greek speeches. The results can be seen in figure 10.7. 198 Phantasma and phasma were excluded because there were no instances of them. 202
1,2 1 0,4 0,2 0 Omen words in Greek and Roman Rhetoric Instances per 10000 0,8 words 0,6 Minim um Maxim um Omen Prodigium Portentum Monstrum Figure 10.7. Omen words in Greek and Roman Rhetoric Auspicium Augurium Dirus Obscenus Ostentum Teras Sumbolon Sema Words Here it can be seen that the Romans used omens significantly more often in rhetoric than the Greeks. It therefore seems safe to say that the ancient Romans often communicated about omens in comparison with the Greeks. It is also worth noticing that this result goes against the general assumption that the Roman culture was just a bad copy of the Greek. The results mentioned above cover a large time span, so it would be obvious to ask whether there were any differences in frequency of omen words in a temporal perspective. There does seem to be a difference in the frequency of omen words (see appendix 4). The Augustan poets Ovid and Virgil have very high frequencies, several times the total average, while Plautus and Terrence have an average below the total average. Cicero is in general also a bit below the total average. But he is as well for the control word cena, but not gladiator. This could indicate that the Romans came to talk increasingly about omens, towards the end of the 1 st century BCE. Summary about omens There are three ways a physical occurrence can come to be interpreted as an omen. An occurrence can become salient either because the occurrence in some ways relates to a current 203
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The Dissemination of Divination in
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Chapter 8 - Sources to Roman Divina
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List of Figures Figure 3.1. Types o
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Acknowledgements Certain parts of t
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people. It is almost unanimously ag
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that precludes the investigation fr
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asic cognitive functions could acco
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Lienard & Feeney 2006), prayer (Bar
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“the making clear of something”
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In chapter 5 it is argued that obla
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Chapter 1 - History of divination a
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with *-eu appears in two forms. One
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involving the Korinthian Polyidos.
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The 15 th edition of the Encyclopae
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Chapter 2 - A History of Modern Div
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and games of chance a secondary dev
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causes. This is also the case conce
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Evans-Pritchard also uses a lot of
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through casting the decision “upo
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transformed and new relations are g
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Somewhat between the great currents
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efutations. With this article Zeitl
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the function of divination. Special
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Chapter 3 - Definition and typology
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means signs obtained from the gods
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producer. In this case we see that
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Chapter 4 - Impetrative Divination
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ontogenetic histories. Some feeling
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direct people in their life. It can
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or potential misfortune or lack of
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Before making blood-brotherhood Bef
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It was argued that emotion was cent
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Figure 4.2. Intentional action It i
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Figure 4.4. Ritualized action in di
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was the counterintuitive agent who
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education. 43 These problems requir
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Credibility 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1
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Clairvoyant, and Astrologist. There
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Materials A booklet similar to the
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Summary The thesis of this chapter
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present existence, as the slogan go
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Let us presently consider how hyper
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1963). Michotte had subjects watch
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another that they were playing agai
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monkeys. There is evidence that in
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Sperber and Wilson programmatically
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humans communicate by producing sig
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Let us consider some examples of th
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Henrich and Gil-White supply precis
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communicator (T.S. Elliot) or a mil
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professors are not routinely attrib
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thought it most likely the main cha
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Chapter 5 - Oblative divination 82
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her life”. 85 In the example the
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in the city. To most modern people
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answer. In oblative divination the
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Figure 6.1. brings together the obs
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questions on how much disease there
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While many good and detailed models
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Unexpected event Figure 6.3. Web of
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Chapter 7 - Research history on Rom
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assumption is that divination, espe
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It can be seen that Latte's as well
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oth shared the same attitude toward
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vastly different views on what legi
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& Scheid 1994; Linder & Scheid 1993
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the observation. If the fear thesis
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Based on the evidence available to
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linear regression analysis was made
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criticism of it. His antiquarian cu
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Post-republican writers Verrius Fla
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M. Servius Honoratus Marius Servius
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The only full description we have o
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called interpretes Iovi, interprete
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All places where auspices should be
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Page 155 and 156: according to Cicero, the point is t
Page 157 and 158: Utility and Credibility value The a
Page 159 and 160: History Since it is mentioned in th
Page 161 and 162: Technique Let us consider public so
Page 163 and 164: Private sortition Private sortition
Page 165 and 166: shuffled the lots and drew one 149
Page 167 and 168: Extispicy is a form of divination w
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Page 171 and 172: (North 1990). In Etruria these indi
Page 173 and 174: Sibylline books The Sibylline Books
Page 175 and 176: The word vates can probably be trac
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Page 179 and 180: Howevere, there are practices in wh
Page 181 and 182: Technique Descriptives Credibility
Page 183 and 184: History Let us see how these observ
Page 185 and 186: Summary To summarize the conclusion
Page 187 and 188: as specified in equation 3, but it
Page 189 and 190: Dissemination Private sortition Pub
Page 191 and 192: “may the gods avert (bad) omens
Page 193 and 194: excelled every race and every natio
Page 195 and 196: calf ran away and spattered many of
Page 197 and 198: the cultural model of omens, identi
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Page 205 and 206: e distinguished: nuntiatio, relatio
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Page 215 and 216: two seem to have been used in the c
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Page 219 and 220: The actual interpretations we hear
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Page 237 and 238: Appendix 2 The Guzul In Central Aus
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 4 Roman Words Omen Prodigi
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Cows were talking Campania Bronze c
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*This prodigy may be the same as th
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156 Storm destroys sacred places on
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* Since the Graecostasis was right
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An owl was seen on the Capitol Roma
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* Rasmussen counts as two (Rasmusse
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Sun formed a disc like a shield at
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Two calfs were found in the entrail
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Fire in the sky Note: While this pr
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Tornado ripped of roofs Bridge coll
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Doors to the temple of Fortuna open
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Appendix 6 Examples of counterintui
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Bibliography Primary Sources 220 La
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Secondary sources Abbink, J. 1993:
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Bering, J. M. and Johnson, D. P. 20
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Callaway, H. 1970: The Religious Sy
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Dumezil, G. 1970: Archaic Roman Rel
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Guillaumont, F. 1984: Philosophe et
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Koenig, M. A., Clement, F., and Har
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Luterbacher, F. 1967: Der Prodigien
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Patton, L. L. 2000: "The Magic in M
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Schilling, R. 1979: "A propos des "
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Taylor, L. R. 1949: Party Politics
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Woodward, J. 2000: "Explanation and
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Oprindeligt blev divination forklar
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menneskelig perception eller ræson
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I kapitel 6 sammenlignes observatio
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Den sidste ligning udtrykker, at sa
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The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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