The dissemination of divination in roman republican times

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List of Figures.......................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables............................................................................................................6 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................7 Summary of dissertation................................................................................ 16 Chapter 1 - History of divination as a general phenomenon..................................21 The history of divinatio prior to Cicero............................................................. 21 Cicero’s De divinatione......................................................................................23 Modern treatments of divination as a general term............................................25 Chapter 2 - A History of Modern Divination Research......................................... 29 Foundations - End of the 19th century start of the 20th ....................................30 The British thread ..........................................................................................30 The French thread.......................................................................................... 32 Edward Evans Evans-Pritchard .....................................................................33 Elaborations........................................................................................................35 Summary............................................................................................................ 43 Chapter 3 - Definition and typology of divination.................................................47 Chapter 4 - Impetrative Divination........................................................................ 53 Motivation..........................................................................................................53 Life models.....................................................................................................56 Motivation as a feedback system................................................................... 57 Motivation for divination............................................................................... 59 Summary........................................................................................................ 62 Sign production.................................................................................................. 64 The effect of ritualized action on the evaluation of credibility in divination.69 The effect of different types of ritual techniques........................................... 75 Summary........................................................................................................ 79 Communicative basis..................................................................................... 89 Restricted symbol system...............................................................................93 Utility............................................................................................................. 94 Credibility...................................................................................................... 96 Summary...................................................................................................... 104 Chapter 6 - Cultural epidemiology.......................................................................110 Chapter 7 - Research history on Roman divination............................................. 121 Chronology of research on Roman Divination................................................ 121 Classical philology.......................................................................................121 Anthropology............................................................................................... 123 Post evolutionism.........................................................................................124 Fear and trembling....................................................................................... 125 Manipulation................................................................................................ 126 Drawing lots- chance and ritual................................................................... 127 Recent developments................................................................................... 128 Summary...................................................................................................... 129 Four central theses in the history of Roman Divination.................................. 129 The historical thesis......................................................................................129 The formalist thesis ...................................................................................130 The fear thesis.............................................................................................. 131 The functional thesis.................................................................................... 135 Summary...................................................................................................... 137 2
Chapter 8 - Sources to Roman Divination........................................................... 138 Republican writers........................................................................................... 138 Titus Maccius Plautus (c.250-184 BCE)......................................................138 Marcus Terrentius Varro (116-27 BCE)...................................................... 138 Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 BCE)..........................................................139 Dionysius Hallicarnassus (60 BCE- 7 BCE)................................................140 Titus Livius (59 BCE-17 CE)...................................................................... 140 Post-republican writers.....................................................................................141 Verrius Flacchus ..........................................................................................141 Aulus Gellius (130-180 CE).........................................................................141 Valerius Maximus........................................................................................ 141 Gaius Tranquilius Suetonius (c.70 CE - ).................................................... 142 Seneca (4 BCE – 65 CE)..............................................................................142 Gaius Plinius Secundus (23BCE - 79CE).................................................... 142 M. Servius Honoratus ..................................................................................143 Scholia..........................................................................................................143 Material sources: inscriptions, archaeological remains................................... 143 Chapter 9 - Signa impetrativa.............................................................................. 144 Auspices........................................................................................................... 144 Augurium..................................................................................................... 144 Auspicium ................................................................................................... 148 Auspicium ex tripudio..................................................................................153 Other kinds of auspicium............................................................................. 157 Sortition............................................................................................................160 Public sortition............................................................................................. 160 Private sortition............................................................................................ 163 Sortition oracles........................................................................................... 164 Extispicy...........................................................................................................166 Public extispicy............................................................................................ 167 Private extispicy...........................................................................................170 Sibylline books.................................................................................................173 Miscellaneous divination................................................................................. 174 Vates.............................................................................................................174 Astrology......................................................................................................175 Conclusion........................................................................................................176 Motivation....................................................................................................176 Ritualization................................................................................................. 176 Categories employed in technique............................................................... 177 Direct prestige.............................................................................................. 178 Indirect prestige............................................................................................178 Utility........................................................................................................... 179 Cultural model - reflective representation of divination.............................. 180 Factors in the dissemination of divination .................................................. 182 History..........................................................................................................183 Summary...................................................................................................... 185 Chapter 10 - Signa oblativa..................................................................................190 The omen vocabulary in Latin......................................................................... 190 Detection of an omen................................................................................... 191 3
Page 1: The Dissemination of Divination in
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures Figure 3.1. Types o
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements Certain parts of t
Page 9 and 10: people. It is almost unanimously ag
Page 11 and 12: that precludes the investigation fr
Page 13 and 14: asic cognitive functions could acco
Page 15 and 16: Lienard & Feeney 2006), prayer (Bar
Page 17 and 18: “the making clear of something”
Page 19 and 20: In chapter 5 it is argued that obla
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 - History of divination a
Page 23 and 24: with *-eu appears in two forms. One
Page 25 and 26: involving the Korinthian Polyidos.
Page 27 and 28: The 15 th edition of the Encyclopae
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 - A History of Modern Div
Page 31 and 32: and games of chance a secondary dev
Page 33 and 34: causes. This is also the case conce
Page 35 and 36: Evans-Pritchard also uses a lot of
Page 37 and 38: through casting the decision “upo
Page 39 and 40: transformed and new relations are g
Page 41 and 42: Somewhat between the great currents
Page 43 and 44: efutations. With this article Zeitl
Page 45 and 46: the function of divination. Special
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 3 - Definition and typology
Page 49 and 50: means signs obtained from the gods
Page 51 and 52: producer. In this case we see that
Page 53 and 54:
Chapter 4 - Impetrative Divination
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ontogenetic histories. Some feeling
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direct people in their life. It can
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or potential misfortune or lack of
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Before making blood-brotherhood Bef
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It was argued that emotion was cent
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Figure 4.2. Intentional action It i
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Figure 4.4. Ritualized action in di
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was the counterintuitive agent who
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education. 43 These problems requir
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Credibility 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1
Page 75 and 76:
Clairvoyant, and Astrologist. There
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Materials A booklet similar to the
Page 79 and 80:
Summary The thesis of this chapter
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present existence, as the slogan go
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Let us presently consider how hyper
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1963). Michotte had subjects watch
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another that they were playing agai
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monkeys. There is evidence that in
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Sperber and Wilson programmatically
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humans communicate by producing sig
Page 95 and 96:
Let us consider some examples of th
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Henrich and Gil-White supply precis
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communicator (T.S. Elliot) or a mil
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professors are not routinely attrib
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thought it most likely the main cha
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Chapter 5 - Oblative divination 82
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her life”. 85 In the example the
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in the city. To most modern people
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answer. In oblative divination the
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Figure 6.1. brings together the obs
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questions on how much disease there
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While many good and detailed models
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Unexpected event Figure 6.3. Web of
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 7 - Research history on Rom
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assumption is that divination, espe
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It can be seen that Latte's as well
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oth shared the same attitude toward
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vastly different views on what legi
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& Scheid 1994; Linder & Scheid 1993
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the observation. If the fear thesis
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Based on the evidence available to
Page 137 and 138:
linear regression analysis was made
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criticism of it. His antiquarian cu
Page 141 and 142:
Post-republican writers Verrius Fla
Page 143 and 144:
M. Servius Honoratus Marius Servius
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The only full description we have o
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called interpretes Iovi, interprete
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All places where auspices should be
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anyhow. There is therefore no reaso
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The credibility value of the greate
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according to Cicero, the point is t
Page 157 and 158:
Utility and Credibility value The a
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History Since it is mentioned in th
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Technique Let us consider public so
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Private sortition Private sortition
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shuffled the lots and drew one 149
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Extispicy is a form of divination w
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public use of extispicy are perform
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(North 1990). In Etruria these indi
Page 173 and 174:
Sibylline books The Sibylline Books
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The word vates can probably be trac
Page 177 and 178:
counterintuitive agent. In all the
Page 179 and 180:
Howevere, there are practices in wh
Page 181 and 182:
Technique Descriptives Credibility
Page 183 and 184:
History Let us see how these observ
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Summary To summarize the conclusion
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as specified in equation 3, but it
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Dissemination Private sortition Pub
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“may the gods avert (bad) omens
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excelled every race and every natio
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calf ran away and spattered many of
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the cultural model of omens, identi
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very widespread 196 and along with
Page 201 and 202:
Although there is great imprecision
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1,2 1 0,4 0,2 0 Omen words in Greek
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e distinguished: nuntiatio, relatio
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ating whether a prodigy involved a
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Year BCE 218-190 189-162 160-132 13
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distinction between public and priv
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140,00 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 40
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two seem to have been used in the c
Page 217 and 218:
8) Sacrificia vetusta occultaque mi
Page 219 and 220:
The actual interpretations we hear
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this type among the prodigia, where
Page 223 and 224:
consideration here the cultural mod
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encounter of people using it to a g
Page 227 and 228:
action. It was argued that these re
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investigate the dissemination of di
Page 231 and 232:
practices that did not survive were
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divination. At the same time the op
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Appendix 1 The Kurabi among the Mwa
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Appendix 2 The Guzul In Central Aus
Page 239 and 240:
Appendix 4 Roman Words Omen Prodigi
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Theocritus 21261 1.88 1.88 0 0 0.32
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Moon fell down Capua Goats got wool
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Note: *this is possibly not a separ
Page 247 and 248:
Temple of Ceres struck by lightning
Page 249 and 250:
Sheep with two heads born Suessa Pi
Page 251 and 252:
12 year old hermaphrodite discovere
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Cows were talking Campania Bronze c
Page 255 and 256:
*This prodigy may be the same as th
Page 257 and 258:
156 Storm destroys sacred places on
Page 259 and 260:
* Since the Graecostasis was right
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An owl was seen on the Capitol Roma
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* Rasmussen counts as two (Rasmusse
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Sun formed a disc like a shield at
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Two calfs were found in the entrail
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Fire in the sky Note: While this pr
Page 271 and 272:
Tornado ripped of roofs Bridge coll
Page 273 and 274:
Doors to the temple of Fortuna open
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Appendix 6 Examples of counterintui
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Bibliography Primary Sources 220 La
Page 279 and 280:
Secondary sources Abbink, J. 1993:
Page 281 and 282:
Bering, J. M. and Johnson, D. P. 20
Page 283 and 284:
Callaway, H. 1970: The Religious Sy
Page 285 and 286:
Dumezil, G. 1970: Archaic Roman Rel
Page 287 and 288:
Guillaumont, F. 1984: Philosophe et
Page 289 and 290:
Koenig, M. A., Clement, F., and Har
Page 291 and 292:
Luterbacher, F. 1967: Der Prodigien
Page 293 and 294:
Patton, L. L. 2000: "The Magic in M
Page 295 and 296:
Schilling, R. 1979: "A propos des "
Page 297 and 298:
Taylor, L. R. 1949: Party Politics
Page 299 and 300:
Woodward, J. 2000: "Explanation and
Page 301 and 302:
Oprindeligt blev divination forklar
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menneskelig perception eller ræson
Page 305 and 306:
I kapitel 6 sammenlignes observatio
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Den sidste ligning udtrykker, at sa
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