The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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The army in peacetime 119 that have been decided; those who are showing dissension [shall be punished in accordance with] the decisions’. Valens: ‘The Anosseni request that they should be granted a soldier on police duty’. [Philocurius the procurator: ‘To guarantee (?)] the decisions I shall provide a soldier’. This is an extract from a document dealing with a dispute (continuing until AD 237) between two villages in Asia, Anossa and Antimacheia, over contributions in animals, fodder, and carts, that they were obliged to make for people on official business using the local roads. They belonged to an imperial estate and so were under the jurisdiction of a procurator. The initial hearing with the people of Anossa as the plaintiffs took place about AD 200 before the procurator, who ordered an optio to carry out his decision. At a further hearing in AD 213 the people of Anossa seem to be complaining that the earlier decision was not being properly implemented; it is interesting that they ask for a soldier to be sent to them—it was not always the case that local communities wished to avoid contact with the military (below, pp. 170–80). 189 Pliny (1st–2nd C.AD), Letters 10. 19–20 Pliny to Emperor Trajan. I request, sir, that you guide me with your advice since I am uncertain whether I ought to employ public slaves of the local communities on prison guard duty, as has been the practice up to now, or use soldiers. For I am apprehensive that public slaves are not sufficiently reliable guards and on the other hand that a not inconsiderable number of soldiers would be detained on this duty. For the moment I have added a few soldiers to serve as guards with the public slaves. I see that there is a danger, however, that this very action will cause carelessness on both sides since they will be confident that each can direct the blame on to the other for any mistake for which they were both responsible. Trajan to Pliny. My dear Pliny, there is no need to transfer more fellow-soldiers to prison guard duty. We should adhere to the custom which pertains in that province, namely that prisons are guarded by public slaves. For it is your responsibility through your discipline and watchfulness to ensure that they carry out this duty reliably. The most important point is, as you say in your letter, the fear that if soldiers are mixed in with public slaves, both sides may become more neglectful of their duty by relying on each other. Moreover, we should adhere to the general rule that as few soldiers as possible should be diverted from military duties. As governor of Bithynia-Pontus, Pliny had some auxiliary troops under his command.
120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B, with Chaumont 1987, papyrus, Dura-Europus, Syria, early 3rd C.AD Marius Maximus to tribunes, and prefects, and commanders of units, greetings. I have enclosed what I have written to Minicius Martialis, procurator of our Emperors, so that you may take note of this. I hope that you are well. Copy You should take care that the treasuries of the units through which Goces is passing, envoy of the Parthians to our lords the most steadfast Emperors, offer him hospitality according to the customary procedure. And write to inform me of whatever you spend in each unit. Gazica Appadana Du[r]a Ed[da]na Bi[blada] Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus governed Syria Cole, where he is attested in post by AD 207. The five place names indicate the route that Goces was to take where Roman camps or outposts had been established. For the use of soldiers as messengers and escorts in eastern diplomacy, see Campbell 1993. 191 D 1. 18. 13 (Ulpian (3rd C.AD), Book VII On the Duties of a Proconsul) It is right for a competent and conscientious governor to see to it that the province of which he has charge is peaceful and quiet. He will achieve this without difficulty if he carefully ensures that evil men are expelled, and hunts them out. He should hunt out sacrilegious persons, brigands, kidnappers, and thieves, and punish each one according to his crime, and he should also bring force against those who harbour them, since a criminal cannot escape detection for long without their help. SOLDIERS AS BUILDERS AND ENGINEERS Many soldiers had experience of building and labouring in the normal course of military life, while others acquired special technical skills, since the army tried to be as self-sufficient as possible, by making the items it needed and by building and maintaining forts, accommodation, bathing
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The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
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First published 1994 by Routledge 1
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Contents List of plates ix List of
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Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
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Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
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Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
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P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
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Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
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denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
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2 The Roman Army benefits are still
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4 The Roman Army military as well a
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6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
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8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
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10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
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12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
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14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
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16 The Roman Army should keep in st
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18 The Roman Army more impartial th
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20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
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22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
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24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
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26 The Roman Army I have received a
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28 The Roman Army from having more
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30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
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32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
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34 The Roman Army units were now be
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36 The Roman Army and I have alread
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38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
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40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
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42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
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44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
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2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
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48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
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50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
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52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
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54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
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56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
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58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
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60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
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62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
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64 The Roman Army probably formed d
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66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
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3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
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70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
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72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
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74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
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76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
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78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
Page 101 and 102: 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
Page 103 and 104: 3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
Page 105 and 106: 8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
Page 107 and 108: 11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
Page 109 and 110: 14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
Page 111 and 112: 18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
Page 113 and 114: 80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
Page 115 and 116: 82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
Page 117 and 118: 84 The Roman Army the other legions
Page 119 and 120: Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
Page 121 and 122: 88 The Roman Army outside the fort
Page 123 and 124: 90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
Page 125 and 126: 92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
Page 127 and 128: 94 The Roman Army period of imperia
Page 129 and 130: 96 The Roman Army being able to str
Page 131 and 132: 98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
Page 133 and 134: 100 The Roman Army against archers,
Page 135 and 136: 102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
Page 137 and 138: 104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
Page 139 and 140: 106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
Page 141 and 142: 108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
Page 143 and 144: 5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
Page 145 and 146: 112 The Roman Army do whatever may
Page 147 and 148: 114 The Roman Army This is probably
Page 149 and 150: 116 The Roman Army For the date and
Page 151: 118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
Page 155 and 156: 122 The Roman Army of that communit
Page 157 and 158: 124 The Roman Army identified as br
Page 159 and 160: 126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
Page 161 and 162: 128 The Roman Army for the eternity
Page 163 and 164: 130 The Roman Army [7] September [
Page 165 and 166: 132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
Page 167 and 168: 134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
Page 169 and 170: 136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
Page 171 and 172: 138 The Roman Army the names of Get
Page 173 and 174: 6 The army, the local community, an
Page 175 and 176: 142 The Roman Army informal adminis
Page 177 and 178: 144 The Roman Army either military
Page 179 and 180: 146 The Roman Army Two legions were
Page 181 and 182: 148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
Page 183 and 184: 150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
Page 185 and 186: 152 The Roman Army provision for th
Page 187 and 188: 154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
Page 189 and 190: 156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
Page 191 and 192: 158 The Roman Army property in acco
Page 193 and 194: 160 The Roman Army the will. His so
Page 195 and 196: 162 The Roman Army did make his wil
Page 197 and 198: 164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
Page 199 and 200: 166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
Page 201 and 202: 168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
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218 The Roman Army main roads did n
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220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
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222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
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224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
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226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
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228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
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230 The Roman Army considerable pro
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232 The Roman Army military organiz
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234 The Roman Army recruitment and
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236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
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238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
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240 The Roman Army This rescript is
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242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
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244 The Roman Army in respect of on
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246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
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248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
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Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
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252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
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254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
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Index of translated passages LITERA
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258 Index of translated passages 24
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Index of names and subjects Promine
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266 Index of names and subjects Ces
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268 Index of names and subjects Gro
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270 Index of names and subjects Pat
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272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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