The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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7 D 49. 16. 4. pr. (Arrius Menander, Bk. I On Military Affairs) The soldiers 13 A man born with one testicle or a man who has lost one, can legitimately serve in the army, according to a rescript of the divine Trajan. Indeed both the commanders Sulla and Cotta are said to have had that condition. 8 Suetonius (1st–2nd C.AD), Augustus, 24. 1 He (Augustus) sold off a Roman eques and his property at public auction because he had cut off the thumbs of his two young sons to make them unfit for military service. Cf. D 49. 16. 4. 10–12. It was a serious offence to evade military service. 9 P. Oxy. 1022=Fink RMR 87, papyrus, Oxyrhynchus, Egypt, AD 103 Copy Gaius Minicius Italus sends greetings to his own Celsianus. Give orders that the six recruits approved by me should be included in the roster of the cohort which you command, to take effect from February 19. I have appended their names and distinguishing marks to this letter. Farewell dearest brother. Gaius Veturius Gemellus, age 21, no distinguishing mark Gaius Longinus Priscus, age 22, a scar on left eyebrow Gaius Julius Maximus, age 25, no distinguishing mark [ _ _ _ ] Julius? Secundus, age 20, no distinguishing mark Gaius Julius Saturninus, age 23, a scar on left hand Marcus Antonius Valens, age 22, a scar on right side of forehead. Received February 24, year six of our Emperor Trajan by means of Priscus, aide. I, Avidius Arrianus senior clerk (cornicularius) of the third (or second) cohort of Ituraeans declare that the original letter is in the archives of the cohort. 10 BGU 423=SP 112, papyrus, Fayum, Egypt, 2nd C.AD Apion to Epimachus his father and lord, very many greetings. First of all I pray for your good health and that you may always be strong and fortunate, along with my sister, her daughter, and my brother. I give
14 The Roman Army thanks to the lord Serapis because when I was in danger at sea he immediately saved me. When I got to Misenum I received three gold pieces from Caesar as my travelling expenses (viaticum). Everything is going well for me. So, I ask you, my lord and father, to write me a letter, first about your welfare, secondly about that of my brother and sister, and thirdly so that I can do reverence to your handwriting, since you educated me well and as a result of that I hope to be advanced quickly, if the gods so wish. Give all my best wishes to Capiton and my brother and sister and Serenilla and my friends. I have sent you through Euctemon a portrait of myself. My name is now Antonius Maximus… Apion was enlisted as a sailor and examined in Egypt, after which he travelled by sea to Misenum where he received his viaticum; since he was not a Roman citizen he was given an official Roman name. The viaticum of seventy-five denarii is the equivalent of one instalment of a legionary’s annual wage of 300 denarii after Domitian. For the viaticum, see also Fink RMR 70 (late second century AD). 11 SP 368=Fink RMR 74, papyrus, Egypt, AD 117 Longinus Longus, standard-bearer of the first cohort of Lusitanians, of the century of Tituleius, sends greetings to Longinus Tituleius, doctor [?], centurion. I have received from you 423 denarii 20 obols to be retained on deposit for the recruits from Asia who have been distributed in the century, to the number of 20 men. Year twenty-one of Trajan Optimus Caesar, our lord, Thoth 6 (3 September). This is an extract from a papyrus containing six receipts, written by the standardbearers of the cohort’s six constituent centuries, to the senior centurion of the cohort. The money involved was probably the residue of the viaticum granted to the new recruits from Asia. Fink notes the large numbers of these recruits, in one case 40 per cent of the strength of the century, and suggests that the cohort had suffered heavy casualties in the Jewish revolt of 115–16. The receipts were written in Greek, perhaps indicating the daily speech of the soldiers in Egypt. For ‘doctor’ see p. 103. 12 EJ 368, inscription, Alexander Troas, Asia, early 1st C.AD To Gaius Fabricius Tuscus, son of Gaius, of the Aniensis tribe, Member of the Board of Two (duovir—chief magistrates in a colony or municipality), augur, prefect of the Apulan cohort and of the works which were carried out in the colony (Alexander Troas) on the orders of Augustus, military tribune of Legion III Cyrenaica for eight years, tribune in charge of the levy of freeborn men which Augustus and
Page 2: The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
Page 5 and 6: First published 1994 by Routledge 1
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of plates ix List of
Page 10 and 11: Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
Page 12 and 13: Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
Page 14 and 15: Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
Page 16 and 17: P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
Page 18 and 19: Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
Page 20: denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
Page 23 and 24: 2 The Roman Army benefits are still
Page 25 and 26: 4 The Roman Army military as well a
Page 27 and 28: 6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
Page 29 and 30: 8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
Page 31 and 32: 10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
Page 33: 12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
Page 37 and 38: 16 The Roman Army should keep in st
Page 39 and 40: 18 The Roman Army more impartial th
Page 41 and 42: 20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
Page 43 and 44: 22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
Page 45 and 46: 24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
Page 47 and 48: 26 The Roman Army I have received a
Page 49 and 50: 28 The Roman Army from having more
Page 51 and 52: 30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
Page 53 and 54: 32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
Page 55 and 56: 34 The Roman Army units were now be
Page 57 and 58: 36 The Roman Army and I have alread
Page 59 and 60: 38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
Page 61 and 62: 40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
Page 63 and 64: 42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
Page 65 and 66: 44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
Page 67 and 68: 2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
Page 69 and 70: 48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
Page 71 and 72: 50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
Page 73 and 74: 52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
Page 75 and 76: 54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
Page 77 and 78: 56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
Page 79 and 80: 58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
Page 81 and 82: 60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
Page 83 and 84: 62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
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64 The Roman Army probably formed d
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66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
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3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
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70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
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72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
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74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
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76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
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78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
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1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
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3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
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8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
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11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
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14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
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18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
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80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
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82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
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84 The Roman Army the other legions
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Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
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88 The Roman Army outside the fort
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90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
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92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
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218 The Roman Army main roads did n
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220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
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222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
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224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
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226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
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228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
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230 The Roman Army considerable pro
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232 The Roman Army military organiz
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234 The Roman Army recruitment and
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236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
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238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
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240 The Roman Army This rescript is
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242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
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244 The Roman Army in respect of on
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246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
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248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
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Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
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252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
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254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
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Index of translated passages LITERA
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258 Index of translated passages 24
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Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Index of names and subjects Promine
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266 Index of names and subjects Ces
Page 301 and 302:
268 Index of names and subjects Gro
Page 303 and 304:
270 Index of names and subjects Pat
Page 305:
272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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