The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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The officers 55 equestrian rank, priest for a five-year period at Ariminum, flamen and priest for a five-year period at Tifernum Mataurense; in accordance with his will, Lucius Aconius Statura, his son, (set this up), at the dedication of which he gave a banquet for the town councillors and people. This site was granted by decree of the town councillors. A man could be advanced rapidly through imperial patronage. Statura had not reached the primi ordines, but his distinguished war record may have been what brought him to Trajan’s attention, though we cannot tell if there were other factors involved. 98 Fink, RMR 20, papyrus, Egypt, AD 243/4 _ _ _ ]fidius Victorinus: [enlisted] in the consulship of Praesens and Extricatus (AD 217); promoted decurion from cavalryman of legion II [Traiana Brave] [by _ _ _ ] most splendid man, who was commander at that time, 3 April, in the consulship of Atticus and Praetextatus (AD 242). _ _ _ ]dimus Petosiris: [enlisted] in the consulship of Gratus and Seleucus (AD 221); promoted decurion from the position of soldier receiving pay and a half in the ala [ _ _ _ ], [August–October] in the consulship of Atticus and Praetextatus (AD 242), by Basileus, Prefect of Egypt. Antonius Ammonianus: [enlisted] in the consulship of Maximus and Urbanus (AD 234); promoted decurion from the position of soldier receiving pay and a half in the ala [ _ _ _ ] by Basileus, most splendid man, Prefect of Egypt, 24 October in the consulship of Atticus and Praetextatus (AD 242). Aurelius Hierax: [enlisted _ _ _ ]; promoted decurion from the position of soldier receiving double pay in the ala Gallica Gordiana [by _ _ _ November–December] in the consulship of Atticus and Praetextatus (AD 242). _ _ _ ] Origines: [enlisted] in the consulship of the divine Alexander and Dio (AD 229); promoted decurion from cavalryman [ _ _ _ ] [ _ _ _ ] sixth praetorian cohort, [6–12] April, in the consulship of Arrianus and Papus (AD 243). Third Cohort of Ituraeans Centurions Petenefotes Hierax [enlisted] in the consulship of Agricola and Clementinus (230); promoted decurion from [ _ _ _ ] by Januarius, the then Prefect of Egypt, 30 August in the consulship of Agricola and Clementinus (AD 230).
56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocration [enlisted] in the consulship of Agricola and Clementinus (AD 230); promoted centurion from cavalryman [ _ _ _ ] [by _ _ _ ] prefect of Egypt on the [5–7] of [month, year]. This is a list of centurions and decurions in order of seniority with details of their promotion. The unit mentioned in the first part of the papyrus received at least five new decurions during a year. However this is reasonable if, as seems likely, it was a milliary ala, which according to Hyginus (On the Fortification of Camps 16) had twenty-four decurions. The battle of Resaina in which Timesitheus, Praetorian Prefect of Gordian III, defeated the Persians and reestablished Roman influence in Mesopotamia, took place in AD 243. The promotions recorded in the papyrus may indicate the replacement of losses incurred over the whole campaign, although it is not clear if the text predates the battle itself. For the appointment of auxiliary centurions, see Gilliam 1957b. PREFECTS AND TRIBUNES Equestrians commanded auxiliary units and held the tribunates of the urban troops and five of the six tribunates in a legion. By the late first century AD it had been established that these posts were held in a certain order – prefect of a cohort, military tribune (sometimes a milliary unit was commanded by a tribune), prefect of an ala – and although equites were not obliged to hold all three posts (tres militiae), some spent many years in various military assignments. Equestrian military officers might be holding their first post or might be experienced soldiers promoted from the rank of chief centurion (see above, texts nos 90, 94, 95). The promotion of such men not only increased the number of skilled officers but also fostered a degree of social mobility. The prefect of engineers (praefectus fabrum) in the late Republic served as a kind of personal adjutant to a military commander, and although the post continued to be held by men of equestrian rank with this function down to the mid-first century AD, it increasingly became a sinecure held by young equestrians, sometimes as a mark of honour. In addition, the patronage of senators or army commanders was often important in securing the advancement of equestrian officers; so the experience and presumed military ability of an applicant will have been only part of the reasons for his appointment. Men who had held one or more of these military posts often went on to occupy a combination of further posts, from financial procuratorships up to the major prefectures, e.g., the corn supply, Egypt, and praetorian guard. At the beginning of the imperial period most equestrian officers were Italians, often from leading municipal families. Gradually this predominance declined as equestrians
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The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
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First published 1994 by Routledge 1
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Contents List of plates ix List of
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Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
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Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
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Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
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P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
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Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
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denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
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2 The Roman Army benefits are still
Page 25 and 26: 4 The Roman Army military as well a
Page 27 and 28: 6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
Page 29 and 30: 8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
Page 31 and 32: 10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
Page 33 and 34: 12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
Page 35 and 36: 14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
Page 37 and 38: 16 The Roman Army should keep in st
Page 39 and 40: 18 The Roman Army more impartial th
Page 41 and 42: 20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
Page 43 and 44: 22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
Page 45 and 46: 24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
Page 47 and 48: 26 The Roman Army I have received a
Page 49 and 50: 28 The Roman Army from having more
Page 51 and 52: 30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
Page 53 and 54: 32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
Page 55 and 56: 34 The Roman Army units were now be
Page 57 and 58: 36 The Roman Army and I have alread
Page 59 and 60: 38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
Page 61 and 62: 40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
Page 63 and 64: 42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
Page 65 and 66: 44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
Page 67 and 68: 2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
Page 69 and 70: 48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
Page 71 and 72: 50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
Page 73 and 74: 52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
Page 75: 54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
Page 79 and 80: 58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
Page 81 and 82: 60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
Page 83 and 84: 62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
Page 85 and 86: 64 The Roman Army probably formed d
Page 87 and 88: 66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
Page 89 and 90: 3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
Page 91 and 92: 70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
Page 93 and 94: 72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
Page 95 and 96: 74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
Page 97 and 98: 76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
Page 99 and 100: 78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
Page 101 and 102: 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
Page 103 and 104: 3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
Page 105 and 106: 8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
Page 107 and 108: 11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
Page 109 and 110: 14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
Page 111 and 112: 18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
Page 113 and 114: 80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
Page 115 and 116: 82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
Page 117 and 118: 84 The Roman Army the other legions
Page 119 and 120: Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
Page 121 and 122: 88 The Roman Army outside the fort
Page 123 and 124: 90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
Page 125 and 126: 92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
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218 The Roman Army main roads did n
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220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
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222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
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224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
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226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
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228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
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230 The Roman Army considerable pro
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232 The Roman Army military organiz
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234 The Roman Army recruitment and
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236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
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238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
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240 The Roman Army This rescript is
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242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
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244 The Roman Army in respect of on
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246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
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248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
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Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
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252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
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254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
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Index of translated passages LITERA
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258 Index of translated passages 24
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Index of names and subjects Promine
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266 Index of names and subjects Ces
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268 Index of names and subjects Gro
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270 Index of names and subjects Pat
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272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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