The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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The soldiers 29 difficult to say if there was a deliberate attempt to give men experience of purely military functions and also of administration, or if a welleducated man who acquitted himself satisfactorily in a post was sent where necessary to another vacancy. Clerks derived their status from the rank of the officer they served. The senior clerk (cornicularius) on the staff of the provincial governor was next in rank to a centurion (see Watson 1969:75–86; Breeze 1971; 1974; for the frumentarii, who had headquarters in Rome but were often sent to the provinces as imperial agents and attached to legions, see Mann 1988). 30 RIB 292, inscription, Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter), Britain, 1st C. AD [Titus F]laminius, son of Titus, of the Pollia tribe, from Fa[ventia], 45 years old, with twenty-two years’ service, soldier of Legion XIV Gemina. I served as a soldier and now here I am. Read this and be more or less lucky in your life. The gods keep you from the wine-grape and water when you enter Tartarus. Live decently while your star grants you time for life. 31 RIB 363, inscription, Isca (Caerleon), Britain To the spirits of the departed. Julius Valens, veteran of Legion II Augusta, lived 100 years. Julia Secundina, his wife, and Julius Martinus, his son, had this constructed. 32 ILS 2259=EJ 258, inscription, near Burnum, Dalmatia, 1st C. AD Aulus Sentius, son of Aulus, of the Pomptina tribe, from Arretium, veteran of the eleventh legion, lies here; in his will he ordered that this should be constructed. This man was killed in the territory of the Varvarini in a small field by the river Titus at Long Rock. His heir had this constructed, Quintus Calventius Vitalis, son of Lucius. 33 EJ 260=Smallwood GN 279, inscription, Simitthu (Chemtou), Africa, 1st C.AD Lucius Flaminius son of Decimus, of the Arniensis tribe, soldier of Legion III Augusta, century of Julius Longus, chosen in a levy by Marcus Silanus, served nineteen years on garrison duty only to be killed in battle by the enemy in the Philomusian area. He lived dutifully for forty years. He lies here.
30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:739–40, inscription, Sebaste (Sivasli), Asia, late 2nd 3rd C.AD In accordance with the frequent decisions of the council and the people, his native country (honours) its benefactor Aurelius Atticus, veteran of Legion X Gemina, like his ancestors an ex-magistrate and city councillor. It is noteworthy that the family of this legionary soldier came from the local aristocracy in Sebaste. X Gemina was based at Vindobona in Upper Pannonia. 35 D 50. 6. 7 (Tarruntenus Paternus (2nd C.AD), Bk. I On Military Affairs). The status of certain people grants them an exemption from more onerous duties; in this category are surveyors, the hospital orderly, medical personnel, dressers, ditchers, farriers, architects, helmsmen, shipwrights, artillerymen, glass-makers, smiths, arrow-makers, coppersmiths, helmet-makers, cartwrights, roof-makers, sword-makers, water pipe-makers, trumpet-makers, horn-makers, bow-makers, plumbers, metal-workers, stone-cutters, men who burn lime, men who cut wood, and men who chop and burn charcoal. In the same category are normally placed butchers, hunters, men who look after animals for sacrifice, the orderly in charge of the workshop, men who attend the sick, clerks who can act as teachers, clerks of the grain store, clerks of money left on deposit, clerks of property left without heirs, assistants of the chief clerks, grooms, horse-trainers (?), armourers, the herald, and the trumpeter. All these men therefore are classed as immunes. Publius Taruttienus Paternus (the correct form of his name as it appears in AE 1971:534) was a jurist who wrote on military law and became praetorian prefect at the end of Marcus Aurelius’ reign. Texts nos. 36–42 illustrate the careers of soldiers who gained promotion. 36 P. Mich. 466, papyrus, Karanis, Egypt, AD 107 Julius Apollinarius to Julius Sabinus his dearest father, very many greetings. Before everything else I pray for your good health, which is my wish because I revere you next to the gods… Things are [fine with me]. After Serapis escorted me here safely [ _ _ _ ], while others were breaking stones all day and doing other things, up until today I have suffered none of this. In fact I asked Claudius Severus, the governor, to appoint me as a clerk on his staff, and he said, ‘There is no vacancy; nevertheless in the meantime I shall appoint you as a clerk of the legion
Page 2: The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
Page 5 and 6: First published 1994 by Routledge 1
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of plates ix List of
Page 10 and 11: Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
Page 12 and 13: Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
Page 14 and 15: Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
Page 16 and 17: P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
Page 18 and 19: Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
Page 20: denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
Page 23 and 24: 2 The Roman Army benefits are still
Page 25 and 26: 4 The Roman Army military as well a
Page 27 and 28: 6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
Page 29 and 30: 8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
Page 31 and 32: 10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
Page 33 and 34: 12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
Page 35 and 36: 14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
Page 37 and 38: 16 The Roman Army should keep in st
Page 39 and 40: 18 The Roman Army more impartial th
Page 41 and 42: 20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
Page 43 and 44: 22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
Page 45 and 46: 24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
Page 47 and 48: 26 The Roman Army I have received a
Page 49: 28 The Roman Army from having more
Page 53 and 54: 32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
Page 55 and 56: 34 The Roman Army units were now be
Page 57 and 58: 36 The Roman Army and I have alread
Page 59 and 60: 38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
Page 61 and 62: 40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
Page 63 and 64: 42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
Page 65 and 66: 44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
Page 67 and 68: 2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
Page 69 and 70: 48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
Page 71 and 72: 50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
Page 73 and 74: 52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
Page 75 and 76: 54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
Page 77 and 78: 56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
Page 79 and 80: 58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
Page 81 and 82: 60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
Page 83 and 84: 62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
Page 85 and 86: 64 The Roman Army probably formed d
Page 87 and 88: 66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
Page 89 and 90: 3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
Page 91 and 92: 70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
Page 93 and 94: 72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
Page 95 and 96: 74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
Page 97 and 98: 76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
Page 99 and 100: 78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
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1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
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3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
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8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
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11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
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14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
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18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
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80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
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82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
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84 The Roman Army the other legions
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Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
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88 The Roman Army outside the fort
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90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
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92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
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218 The Roman Army main roads did n
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220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
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222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
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224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
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226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
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228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
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230 The Roman Army considerable pro
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232 The Roman Army military organiz
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234 The Roman Army recruitment and
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236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
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238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
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240 The Roman Army This rescript is
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242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
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244 The Roman Army in respect of on
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246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
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248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
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Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
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252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
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254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
Page 289 and 290:
Index of translated passages LITERA
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258 Index of translated passages 24
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Index of names and subjects Promine
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266 Index of names and subjects Ces
Page 301 and 302:
268 Index of names and subjects Gro
Page 303 and 304:
270 Index of names and subjects Pat
Page 305:
272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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