The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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XIV Gemina 29, 32, 40, 51, 53–4, 83, 84, 139, 144; XV Apollinaris 49, 53, 83, 84, 93, 97–8, 220; XVI Flavia 63, 84, 124, 173; XVI Gallica 40; XIX 226; XX 88; XX Valeria Victrix 48, 49, 53, 83, 84; XXI Rapax 53; XXII Deiotariana 59, 117, 157; XXII Primigenia 49, 74, 84, 146; XXX Ulpia 49, 50, 62, 84, 152 Letters written by soldiers see soldiers, letters of Levy, conduct of 14–15 Limitanei 233, 239, 243–5 Longinus Castor, C. (veteran of the fleet), will of 228–30 Lucius Verus (emperor), campaigns against the Parthians 73–4 Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex, M., career of 65–6 Macrinius Decianus, C., career of 235 Macrinus (emperor), appointmentsof criticized by Dio 66 Madaura, colony of 226–7 Maenius Agrippa L. Tusidius Campester, M., career of 60 Magister equitum and Magister peditum (army commanders), 241 Maniple 4–6 Mantua, land confiscations at 223 Marcus Aurelius (emperor), accession donative of 26–7; refuses to grant a donative after a battle 26 Marius, Gaius, army reforms of 6–7 Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus, L., letter of about envoys 120 Mars, worshipped in army 133 Masada, siege of 100–1, plates 8, 9 Maximinus (emperor), fights in battle 234; overthrows Severus Alexander 191 Medical discharge 203–4, 238–9, 243–5 Medici see military doctors Military calendar (from Dura- Europus) 127–30 Index of names and subjects 269 Military decorations 15, 32, 40, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 104–7, 220 Military discipline 105, 107–9 Military doctors 103–4 Military oath 69 Military standards 1<strong>31</strong>–2; see also aquila Military strategy 73, 79–85 Military tactics 89–103 Military textbooks 93–4 Military treasury 21 Milliary units 34, 56, 114 Minicius Italus, C., career of 13, 60–1 Mithras, worshipped in army 135, plate 11 Moguntiacum (Mainz), settlement at 145–6 Mons Claudianus 174 Mutilation, to avoid military service 13, 239 Mutinies (of AD 14) 22 Narona, settlement at 215 Neratius Marcellus, L., approached by Pliny for a tribunate 57 Nero (emperor), accession of 185–6; colonies of in Italy 215; speech of to praetorians 71 Nerva (emperor), and castrense peculium 164; and military wills 160 Nonius Datus (military surveyor), engaged in tunnelling project in Africa 125–6 Nuceria Alfaterna, settlement at 226 Octavian see Augustus Octavius Sagitta, Q., career of 58 Oescus (Ghighen), colony of 52 Optio 28, 32; associations of optiones 138–9 Otho (emperor), political position of 186 Paestum, colony of 216 Pannonia, military settlements in by Trajan 219 Parthians, as enemies of Rome 90–1
270 Index of names and subjects Patronage, in the army 33, 35–6, 47–8, 56–8 Pedites singulares 34, 37–8 Pertinax (emperor), murder of 188 Petronius Fortunatus (centurion), career of 48–9 Petronius Mamertinus, M. (prefect of Egypt), edict of on military abuses 176 Phaenae (in Syria), letter of governor about military abuses in 179 Philip (emperor), has soldiers construct wall at Romula Malva 124–5 Pilum 4–7 Poetovio (Ptuj), colony of 219–20 Polybius, describes <strong>Roman</strong> army 4–5 Pompeius Falco, Q., approached by Pliny for a tribunate 57–8 Popilius Carus Pedo, C., career of 64 Praefectus fabrum 56 Praemia see soldiers, service conditions of Praetorians (imperial bodyguard) 38–9; careers of 39–42; and Constantine 233; diplomata of 199–201; privileges of 193–4, 200–1; role of in AD 41 184–5; in AD 54 185–6, plate 12; and Septimius Severus 40–1; service conditions of 20; and Vitellius 39–40; I cohort 39, 40, 42, 54, 200; II cohort 42, 51, 200; III cohort 39, 51, 200; IV cohort 41, 54, 106, 200; V cohort 39, 104, 200; VI cohort 39, 41, 42, 55, 126–7, 200; VII cohort 51, 200; VIII cohort 51, 200; IX cohort 40, 41, 51, 54, 118, 200; X cohort 40, 41, 200, 238; XI cohort 54; see also Batavians, Germans, as imperial bodyguards, equites singulares Augusti, protectores Prefects (officers in army) 56–61 Prefect of the camp 47 Pridianum 110–11 Primi ordines 46–7 Primus pilus 47, 52–4, 63, 106, 127, 133, 220 Principales 28–33 Probatio, of recruits 10–11 Probus (emperor), subject of a fictitious story in the Historia Augusta 248–9 Protectores 233, 235, 246 Quietus, Lusius, career of 66 Rapidum (Sour Djouab), settlement at 147–9 Reate, colony of 216 Recruitment 9–15 Religion, in the army 127–36 Roads built by army 122–4 Rusicade (Skikda), guard of soldiers at 118 Rutilius Lupus, M. (prefect of Egypt), decision of on soldiers’ marriages 154–5 Samnium, veteran settlements in 217 Sarmizegetusa, colony of 218–19 Scaptopara, petition of about oppression 180 Septimius Severus (emperor), donative of in AD 193 189; as fellow soldier 70; grants pay rise to army 23; honoured by soldiers 138–9; last words of 189; military honours of 74, 77–8; political position of 188– 90; and praetorian guard 40–1; rescripts of 168, 205 Severus Alexander (emperor), decline of military discipline under 190–1; grants privileges to praetorian veterans 200–201; overthrow of 191; rescripts of 27, 163, 165, 169; subject of a fictitious story in the Historia Augusta 247–8 Siege tactics 100–2 Signifer see standard-bearer Soldiers, as agents provocateurs 191–2; as benefactors 30, 50–2, 171, 220, 225; as builders, engineers and surveyors 120–7;
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The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
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First published 1994 by Routledge 1
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Contents List of plates ix List of
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Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
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Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
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Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
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P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
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Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
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denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
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2 The Roman Army benefits are still
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4 The Roman Army military as well a
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6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
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8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
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10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
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12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
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14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
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16 The Roman Army should keep in st
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18 The Roman Army more impartial th
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20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
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22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
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24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
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26 The Roman Army I have received a
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28 The Roman Army from having more
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30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
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32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
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34 The Roman Army units were now be
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36 The Roman Army and I have alread
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38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
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40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
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42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
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44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
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2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
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48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
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50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
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52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
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54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
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56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
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58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
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60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
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62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
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64 The Roman Army probably formed d
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66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
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3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
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70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
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72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
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74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
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76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
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78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
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1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
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3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
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8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
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11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
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14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
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18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
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80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
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82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
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84 The Roman Army the other legions
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Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
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88 The Roman Army outside the fort
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90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
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92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
Page 251 and 252: 218 The Roman Army main roads did n
Page 253 and 254: 220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
Page 255 and 256: 222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
Page 257 and 258: 224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
Page 259 and 260: 226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
Page 261 and 262: 228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
Page 263 and 264: 230 The Roman Army considerable pro
Page 265 and 266: 232 The Roman Army military organiz
Page 267 and 268: 234 The Roman Army recruitment and
Page 269 and 270: 236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
Page 271 and 272: 238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
Page 273 and 274: 240 The Roman Army This rescript is
Page 275 and 276: 242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
Page 277 and 278: 244 The Roman Army in respect of on
Page 279 and 280: 246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
Page 281 and 282: 248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
Page 283 and 284: Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
Page 285 and 286: 252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
Page 287 and 288: 254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
Page 289 and 290: Index of translated passages LITERA
Page 291 and 292: 258 Index of translated passages 24
Page 297 and 298: Index of names and subjects Promine
Page 299 and 300: 266 Index of names and subjects Ces
Page 301: 268 Index of names and subjects Gro
Page 305: 272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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