The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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Veterans 227 Madaura was a Flavian veteran colony presumably for men discharged from the III Augusta. 371 CIL 3. 7979, inscription, Sarmizegetusa, Dacia, 2nd C.AD To the spirits of the departed, in memory of Gaius Julius Sabinus, soldier of Legion XIII Gemina, clerk of accounts, lived thirty years. Gaius Julius Valens, Member of the Board of Two responsible for legal jurisdiction, and Cominia Florentina, his sorrowing parents, (set this up). This soldier’s father, who was a magistrate at Sarmizegetusa, was possibly a veteran settled in the colony. For veterans in civic life at Sarmizegetusa, where they seem to have a stronger role than in, for example, Carnuntum, Brigetio, or Lambaesis, see Mann 1983:39. For veterans in the provinces of Dalmatia and Noricum, see Wilkes 1969:107–15; 134–5; Alföldy 1974:122–4. 372 IGR 3. 1299, inscription, Sahouet-el-Khudr, Arabia, AD 170/1 For the welfare of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar, sacred to lord Zeus, (set up) by Vaddus Aslamus, Molemus Ananus, and Rufus, veteran, sacred treasurers. Year 66 (of Bostra reckoning). This inscription was found in the vicinity of Bostra in Arabia, where the III Cyrenaica legion was stationed, and the veteran probably came from that legion. Many ex-soldiers often settled in small villages and communities in the local area. 373 CIL 8. 18214=ILS 6847, inscription, Lambaesis, AD 147–50 Sacred to the Fortune of the Emperor, dedicated by Lucius Novius Crispinus, legate of the Emperor with propraetorian power; Gaius Antonius Alexander, son of Gaius, of the tribe Collina, from Antioch, set this up and promised a statue out of an additional sum of 4,000 sesterces, for the fortunate Hadrianic organization of veterans of [Legion III] Augusta, because of the honour of a priesthood in perpetuity which they conferred on him in his absence. See Diz. epig. s.v. collegia, p. 369. After they had been settled, some ex-soldiers established organizations where they could associate with fellow veterans. Like other collegia, they will have provided a focus of social intercourse for the members, helped to promote their interests, and served as burial clubs (the society in Aquileia had its own burial ground). The curia veteranorum in Lambaesis was presumably a similar organization, and the addition of Hadrian’s name to it indicates imperial approval.
228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, inscription, Uthina (Oudna), Africa, AD 206 To Emperor Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Pius Pertinax Augustus, Conqueror of the Arabs, Conqueror of the Adiabenici, Greatest Conqueror of the Parthians, son of the divine Marcus Antoninus Pius, Conqueror of the Germans, Conqueror of the Sarmatians, brother of the divine Commodus, grandson of the divine Pius, great-grandson of the divine Hadrian, great-great-grandson of the divine Trajan, Conqueror of the Parthians, great-great-great-grandson of the divine Nerva, chief priest, in the fourth (? error for fourteenth) year of his tribunician power, acclaimed imperator eleven times, consul for the third time, proconsul, father of the fatherland, the Roman citizens, veterans residing in the district of Fortunalis whose parents through the generosity of the divine Augustus [ _ _ _ ] received lands in the community of Sutunurca, had this set up at public expense. Uthina was a colony established by Julius Caesar. The veterans in the vicinity had evidently preserved a common identity and communal spirit which recalled their ancestors’ grant of land from Augustus. Or perhaps the tradition of the community’s origins had been revived in order to gain some benefit from the emperor. 375 SP 85=FIRA 3. 50, papyrus, Fayum, Egypt, AD 189 and 194 col. i Translation of will [Gaius Longinus Castor], veteran honourably discharged from [the praetorian fleet] at Misenum, made his will. [I instruct] that my slave Marcella, aged over [thirty] and my slave [Cleopatra], aged over thirty should be [free], and [each of them is to be my] heir in equal portions. [All others] are to be disinherited. Let them take up their [inheritance], each one taking her own portion, when they recognize it and are able to attest that they are my heirs. It is not permitted to sell or to mortgage it. But if the above-mentioned Marcella sufers the fate of mankind, then I wish her portion of the inheritance to go to Sarapion and Socrates and Longus. Similarly in respect of Cleopatra, I wish her portion to go to Nilus. Whoever becomes my heir shall be required to give, perform, and execute all these provisions which are written down in this my will, and I commit them to the trust imposed by it. My slave Sarapias, daughter of my freedwoman Cleopatra, is to be freed, and [to her] I give and bequeath five arourae (c. 3 acres) of corn land which I have in the vicinity of the village of Karanis in the place called Ostrich, also one and a quarter arourae (c. 4/5 of an acre) of a valley, also a third portion of my house, and a third portion of that house which I
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The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
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First published 1994 by Routledge 1
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Contents List of plates ix List of
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Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
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Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
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Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
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P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
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Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
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denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
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2 The Roman Army benefits are still
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4 The Roman Army military as well a
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6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
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8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
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10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
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12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
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14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
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16 The Roman Army should keep in st
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18 The Roman Army more impartial th
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20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
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22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
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24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas f
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26 The Roman Army I have received a
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28 The Roman Army from having more
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30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
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32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
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34 The Roman Army units were now be
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36 The Roman Army and I have alread
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38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
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40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
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42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
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44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
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2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
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48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
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50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
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52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
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54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
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56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
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58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
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60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
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62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
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64 The Roman Army probably formed d
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66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
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3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
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70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
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72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
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74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
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76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
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78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
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1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
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3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
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8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
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11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
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14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
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18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
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80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
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82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
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84 The Roman Army the other legions
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Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
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88 The Roman Army outside the fort
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90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
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92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
Page 209 and 210: 176 The Roman Army The reference to
Page 211 and 212: 178 The Roman Army with his own edi
Page 213 and 214: 180 The Roman Army of passing trave
Page 215 and 216: 182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
Page 217 and 218: 184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
Page 219 and 220: 186 The Roman Army the undivided su
Page 221 and 222: 188 The Roman Army name a figure of
Page 223 and 224: 190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
Page 225 and 226: 192 The Roman Army only explicit re
Page 227 and 228: 194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
Page 229 and 230: 196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
Page 231 and 232: 198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
Page 233 and 234: 200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
Page 235 and 236: 202 The Roman Army from your affirm
Page 237 and 238: 204 The Roman Army honourably disch
Page 239 and 240: 206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
Page 241 and 242: 208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
Page 243 and 244: 210 The Roman Army service in the c
Page 245 and 246: 212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
Page 247 and 248: 214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
Page 249 and 250: 216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
Page 251 and 252: 218 The Roman Army main roads did n
Page 253 and 254: 220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
Page 255 and 256: 222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
Page 257 and 258: 224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
Page 259: 226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
Page 263 and 264: 230 The Roman Army considerable pro
Page 265 and 266: 232 The Roman Army military organiz
Page 267 and 268: 234 The Roman Army recruitment and
Page 269 and 270: 236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
Page 271 and 272: 238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
Page 273 and 274: 240 The Roman Army This rescript is
Page 275 and 276: 242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
Page 277 and 278: 244 The Roman Army in respect of on
Page 279 and 280: 246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
Page 281 and 282: 248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
Page 283 and 284: Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
Page 285 and 286: 252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
Page 287 and 288: 254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
Page 289 and 290: Index of translated passages LITERA
Page 291 and 292: 258 Index of translated passages 24
Page 297 and 298: Index of names and subjects Promine
Page 299 and 300: 266 Index of names and subjects Ces
Page 301 and 302: 268 Index of names and subjects Gro
Page 303 and 304: 270 Index of names and subjects Pat
Page 305: 272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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