The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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The soldiers 23 Before Domitian, soldiers’ salaries were paid in three annual instalments. His pay-rise perhaps added a fourth instalment—possibly signified on this coin if Stip. can be expanded to stipendium; however stip. may stand for stipendia, i.e. the emperor’s general interest in military pay. 22 Cohen, vol. 4, p. 157. no. 126, bronze as of Septimius Severus and Caracalla, AD 205–8 Obverse. Head of Caracalla. ANTONINUS PIUS AUGUSTUS Reverse. Severus and Caracalla seated on a platform; an official stands behind, a legionary in front. THE GENEROSITY OF THE EMPERORS. CONSUL FOR THE SECOND TIME. BY DECREE OF THE SENATE. Severus had demonstrated his generosity by possibly doubling military pay around AD 195 (Herodian (see text no. 314), 3. 8), the first rise since Domitian. 23 Dio (2nd–3rd C.AD), 77. 3 Antoninus (Caracalla), although it was evening, secured the legions, shouting out all along the way that he had been plotted against and that his life was in danger. When he entered the camp he said, ‘Rejoice fellow-soldiers, now I can indulge you. . . For I am one of you; it is for you alone that I want to live so that I can grant you all kind of favours; all the treasuries are yours’. Dio is hostile to Caracalla whose extravagant treatment of the troops had in his view led to excessive expenditure and financial demands on the upper classes. His estimate that the emperor’s pay-rise had cost in total 280 million sesterces (78. 36; cf. Herodian, 4. 4) may be exaggerated but is not out of the question. It would represent a rise of about 50 per cent (Speidel 1992). 24 Fink RMR 68, papyrus, Egypt, AD 81 In the consulship of Lucius Asinius QUINTUS JULIUS PROCULUS from DAMASCUS received the first salary instalment of the third year of the Emperor, 247 1/2 drachmas, out of which
24 The Roman Army hay 10 drachmas for food 80 drachmas boots, socks 12 drachmas Saturnalia of the camp 20 drachmas ? 60 drachmas expenditure 182 drachmas balance deposited to his account 65 1/2 drachmas and had from before 136 drachmas makes a total of 201 1/2 drachmas received the second instalment of the same year 2471/2 drachmas, out of which hay 10 drachmas for food 80 drachmas boots, socks 12 drachmas to the standards 4 drachmas expenditure 106 drachmas balance deposited to his account 1411/2 drachmas and had from before 2011/2 drachmas makes a complete total of 343 drachmas received the third instalment of the same year 2471/2 drachmas, out of which hay [10] drachmas for food 80 drachmas boots, socks 12 drachmas for clothes 1451/2 drachmas expenditure 2471/2 drachmas balance deposited to his account Rennius Innocens GAIUS VALERIUS GERMANUS, from TYRE 343 drachmas received the first salary instalment of the third year of the Emperor, 2471/2 drachmas, out of which hay 10 drachmas for food 80 drachmas boots, socks 12 drachmas Saturnalia of the camp 20 drachmas for clothes 100 drachmas expenditure 222 drachmas balance deposited to his account 25 1/2 drachmas and had 21 drachmas makes a complete total of 46 1/2 drachmas
Page 2: The Roman Army, 31 BC-AD 337 The Ro
Page 5 and 6: First published 1994 by Routledge 1
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of plates ix List of
Page 10 and 11: Plates 1 Ti. Claudius Maximus 2 Cen
Page 12 and 13: Preface and acknowledgements The Ro
Page 14 and 15: Abbreviations AE L’Année épigra
Page 16 and 17: P. S. I. Pubblicazioni della societ
Page 18 and 19: Emperors from Augustus to Constanti
Page 20: denarius (‘ten as-piece’) = 4 s
Page 23 and 24: 2 The Roman Army benefits are still
Page 25 and 26: 4 The Roman Army military as well a
Page 27 and 28: 6 The Roman Army The defeat of Cart
Page 29 and 30: 8 The Roman Army who supplied caval
Page 31 and 32: 10 The Roman Army career seemed mos
Page 33 and 34: 12 The Roman Army in a recruit, you
Page 35 and 36: 14 The Roman Army thanks to the lor
Page 37 and 38: 16 The Roman Army should keep in st
Page 39 and 40: 18 The Roman Army more impartial th
Page 41 and 42: 20 The Roman Army speedily. The rem
Page 43: 22 The Roman Army I paid monetary r
Page 47 and 48: 26 The Roman Army I have received a
Page 49 and 50: 28 The Roman Army from having more
Page 51 and 52: 30 The Roman Army 34 Speidel 1980:7
Page 53 and 54: 32 The Roman Army 40 ILS 2442, insc
Page 55 and 56: 34 The Roman Army units were now be
Page 57 and 58: 36 The Roman Army and I have alread
Page 59 and 60: 38 The Roman Army heirs, set this u
Page 61 and 62: 40 The Roman Army 63 CIL 6. 2725=IL
Page 63 and 64: 42 The Roman Army principalis, acti
Page 65 and 66: 44 The Roman Army 77 CIL 6. 2896=IL
Page 67 and 68: 2 The officers CENTURIONS Centurion
Page 69 and 70: 48 The Roman Army The emperor was u
Page 71 and 72: 50 The Roman Army to Numidia, and f
Page 73 and 74: 52 The Roman Army of Legion III Aug
Page 75 and 76: 54 The Roman Army tribune of the fi
Page 77 and 78: 56 The Roman Army Aurelius Harpocra
Page 79 and 80: 58 The Roman Army Cornelius Minicia
Page 81 and 82: 60 The Roman Army officer for Egypt
Page 83 and 84: 62 The Roman Army Furthermore, an e
Page 85 and 86: 64 The Roman Army probably formed d
Page 87 and 88: 66 The Roman Army Moesia, legate of
Page 89 and 90: 3 The Emperor as commander-in-chief
Page 91 and 92: 70 The Roman Army to restrain thems
Page 93 and 94: 72 The Roman Army 127 Josephus (1st
Page 95 and 96:
74 The Roman Army Cornelius Fronto
Page 97 and 98:
76 The Roman Army his tribunician p
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78 The Roman Army Lucius, in the si
Page 101 and 102:
1 Ti. Claudius Maximus Source: Kava
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3 Trajan as commander-in-chief Sour
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8 The Roman siege ramp at Masada Ph
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11 The Mithraeum at Carrawburgh on
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14 Bronze diploma—exterior faces
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18 Bronze diploma—exterior face w
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80 The Roman Army Figure 1 Legionar
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82 The Roman Army fighting at the c
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84 The Roman Army the other legions
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Figure 3 The disposition of the leg
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88 The Roman Army outside the fort
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90 The Roman Army advisers, will ha
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92 The Roman Army guards and mounte
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94 The Roman Army period of imperia
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96 The Roman Army being able to str
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98 The Roman Army (Section 16) The
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100 The Roman Army against archers,
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102 The Roman Army (see Plate 8), t
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104 The Roman Army the cohort menti
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106 The Roman Army the wishes of Em
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108 The Roman Army 177 D 49. 16. 3.
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5 The army in peacetime MILITARY LI
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112 The Roman Army do whatever may
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114 The Roman Army This is probably
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116 The Roman Army For the date and
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118 The Roman Army Thiadices, who s
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120 The Roman Army 190 P. Dura 60B,
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122 The Roman Army of that communit
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124 The Roman Army identified as br
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126 The Roman Army The town of Sald
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128 The Roman Army for the eternity
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130 The Roman Army [7] September [
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132 The Roman Army Although Tertull
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134 The Roman Army 220 CIL 3. 11082
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136 The Roman Army Cocidius was a C
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138 The Roman Army the names of Get
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6 The army, the local community, an
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142 The Roman Army informal adminis
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144 The Roman Army either military
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146 The Roman Army Two legions were
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148 The Roman Army the Medes, in th
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150 The Roman Army [ _ _ _ ] Centur
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152 The Roman Army provision for th
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154 The Roman Army Longinia, had be
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156 The Roman Army opinion I gave y
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158 The Roman Army property in acco
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160 The Roman Army the will. His so
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162 The Roman Army did make his wil
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164 The Roman Army In Roman law eve
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166 The Roman Army from home. Soldi
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168 The Roman Army 277 CJ 12. 33(34
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170 The Roman Army Published on 15
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172 The Roman Army solution, becaus
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174 The Roman Army ask that you sho
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176 The Roman Army The reference to
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178 The Roman Army with his own edi
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180 The Roman Army of passing trave
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182 The Roman Army The Roman empero
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184 The Roman Army foreseen. Or was
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186 The Roman Army the undivided su
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188 The Roman Army name a figure of
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190 The Roman Army disgraceful and
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192 The Roman Army only explicit re
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194 The Roman Army Rome) even thoug
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196 The Roman Army grandson of Germ
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198 The Roman Army and (13) first T
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200 The Roman Army the fatherland,
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202 The Roman Army from your affirm
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204 The Roman Army honourably disch
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206 The Roman Army 337 FIRA 3. 171=
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208 The Roman Army (Fourth hand) (S
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210 The Roman Army service in the c
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212 The Roman Army colonies, or del
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214 The Roman Army Augustus himself
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216 The Roman Army 349 CIL 16. 13=M
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218 The Roman Army main roads did n
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220 The Roman Army 357 ILS 9085, in
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222 The Roman Army and Vergil in Ec
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224 The Roman Army you who are aliv
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226 The Roman Army 367 AE 1974. 283
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228 The Roman Army 374 ILS 9400, in
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230 The Roman Army considerable pro
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232 The Roman Army military organiz
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234 The Roman Army recruitment and
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236 The Roman Army Domitius Aurelia
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238 The Roman Army on the emperor (
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240 The Roman Army This rescript is
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242 The Roman Army peaceful repose
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244 The Roman Army in respect of on
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246 The Roman Army the soldiers, an
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248 The Roman Army (Alexander) gave
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Select bibliography Alföldy, G.. (
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252 Select bibliography Duncan-Jone
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254 Select bibliography Marsden, E.
Page 289 and 290:
Index of translated passages LITERA
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258 Index of translated passages 24
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Index of names and subjects Promine
Page 299 and 300:
266 Index of names and subjects Ces
Page 301 and 302:
268 Index of names and subjects Gro
Page 303 and 304:
270 Index of names and subjects Pat
Page 305:
272 Index of names and subjects Vel
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The Roman Army, 31 BC–AD 337: A Sourcebook

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