An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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Analytical Methods The procedures used for ceramic analysis were modeled after those employed by Rodríguez and Ortíz (1997) during the Manatí Project in the Coatzacoalcos Basin. This system combines the type-variety system with modal characteristics. Ceramic categories and classification were defined according to paste color, compactness, type and size of temper, surface finish and color, plastic or painted decoration, and form (Rodríguez and Ortíz 1997:74). Identification incorporated analysis of ceramic specimens from the Tuxtla Mountains (Ortíz 1975; Ortíz and Santley 1989), San Lorenzo (Coe and Diehl 1980a), Tres Zapotes (Drucker 1943a, 1952b; Pool 2003), and Laguna de los Cerros (Bove 1978). Hernández has extensive experience in regional ceramic analysis and oversaw the examination that was conducted in the INAH laboratory in Veracruz. Ortíz (Universidad Veracruzana) and Rodríguez (Centro INAH Veracruz), recognized specialists in Southern Veracruz ceramics, were consultants to the analysis. They reviewed procedures and determinations and provided direction, support, and advice throughout the process. Chronologically Diagnostic Ceramics The chronology of ancient El Marquesillo was proposed through the identification of temporally diagnostic pottery recovered at the site that conforms to an acknowledged ceramic timeline that has been developed for the Formative and Classic periods (see Coe and Diehl 1980a; Ortíz 1975; Ortíz and Santley 1989; Pool and Britt 2000). The ceramics recovered and analyzed at the site of San Lorenzo offer a realistic comparative sample for 190
some of the Formative period wares at El Marquesillo and are referred to when appropriate. Analysis of chronologically diagnostic ceramic types conducted in 2003 used a four digit classification system; in 2004 and 2005, a more refined two digit system was employed for identification. The ceramic type numbers are presented below in parentheses following their descriptive label and reflect one or both of the systems. Appendices 1a and 1b contain listings of all the types contained in both systems along with their chronological assignment (for further details see Hernández 2003; Hernández and Doering 2004, 2005). The Pre-San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 1500-1150 BC) The pre-Olmec period is represented primarily by tecomates; curved walled, restricted rim jars with no neck (Lesure 1998:19). Examples at El Marquesillo include, among others, Ojochi phase Achiotal Gray type (c. 1500-1350 BC) (Figure 5.13), Bajío phase (c. 1350-1250 BC) rocker-stamped (Figure 5.14) and Chicharras phase (c. 1250- 1150 BC) Tatagapa Red types (Coe and Diehl 1980a:139, 150-158) (Figure 5.15). Figure 5.13. Examples of Early Formative, Ojochi phase tecomate rims 191
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartlan
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“Note to Reader” The original o
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Confederacy Model 39 Feudalistic Mo
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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The Initial Occupation of El Marque
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List of Tables Table 5.1. Ceramic C
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Figure 3.14. Plan view of the Olmec
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.53. El Marquesillo throne
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the resulting data do not fit many
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Furtherance of my academic career w
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Introduction Chapter 1. Archaeology
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esearch being conducted along the S
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its introduction to Mesoamerican ar
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participants. It is especially crit
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interpretations. Finally, I compare
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analogy (Diehl 1989:25; VanDerwarke
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change, fluctuates according to “
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embedded misconceptions about these
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The “Heartland” has been deline
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than a century after their occurren
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inference as opposed to evidence. T
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Sanders and Webster (1988:544) argu
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Park (1992:90) presents the Olmec a
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lowland subsistence economy until a
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Maya are lineal descendents of the
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continued to inhibit scientific inq
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describes this attempted conformanc
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The models used for evaluation of t
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number of archaeological correlates
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Confederacy Model Pool (2000:150;20
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Limitations and Cautions in the Use
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Lorenzo is considered the earliest
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Several lines of evidence suggest a
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turn, gave budding Olmec leaders co
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apid growth of settlements and thei
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techniques (Berger et al. 1967; Hei
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appear to characterize it as a “c
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iconographic detail, and appear to
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Formative period Southern Gulf Lowl
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Medellín-Zeníl (1960) found large
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de Agua, and the famous, iconograph
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egarding subsistence, settlement, p
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Introduction Chapter 3. El Marquesi
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300-900). Historical documentation
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The features of the San Juan are ch
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Figure 3.4. Aerial photograph of El
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At each of these three points of co
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El Marquesillo’s geographic locat
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of the location for more than 3,500
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The extensive Villa Alta architectu
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of constructions. This formal archi
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To achieve and maintain this elevat
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Figure 3.11. Map of the Southern Gu
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Teotihuacán and Aztec trade routes
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land was not in the form of gold an
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Huaspaltepec (Playa Vicente), betwe
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as listed in these records, include
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community members had to work the l
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The 1944 flood was a momentous even
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of ancient structures, including Ce
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to recover as much information as p
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Figure 3.17. Photograph of El Seño
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collection along the cut bank was a
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its termination line (Borstein 2001
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Figure 3.18. Illustration of San Lo
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is seated transitionally between th
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Introduction Chapter 4. El Marquesi
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Grove 1997; Tolstoy 1989). Landscap
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Determination of the Survey Area Th
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Surface Mapping and Terrain Modelin
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Global Positioning System (GPS) Map
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Figure 4.4. Map of El Marquesillo g
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have the potential to record points
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The topographic images and terrain
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Figure 4.8. Digital Terrain Model o
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Figure 4.11. View to the east of lo
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The western third of the platform h
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Figure 4.15. Elevated view of Field
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Figure 4.17. Topographic map of El
Page 161 and 162: Figure 4.19. Northwest view of spri
Page 163 and 164: Information Systems (GIS) approach
Page 165 and 166: Figure 4.21. Illustration of docume
Page 167 and 168: Magnetic Properties of Basalt The m
Page 169 and 170: Magnetic Data Collection, Condition
Page 171 and 172: The magnetometer was set to the bas
Page 173 and 174: Figure 4.23. Topographical base map
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Page 177 and 178: Figure 4.25. Topographic contour ma
Page 179 and 180: mercuric sulfide in the soil. There
Page 181 and 182: Coyote, Honduras (Terry et al. 2000
Page 183 and 184: intersection on the numbered rows a
Page 185 and 186: The results were reported in parts
Page 187 and 188: Figure 4.28b. Box plot summaries of
Page 189 and 190: Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
Page 191 and 192: Summary of the Soil Analyses When t
Page 193 and 194: Figure 4.31a. Potassium distributio
Page 195 and 196: estriction prohibiting further exca
Page 197 and 198: The average depth of any observed a
Page 199 and 200: Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
Page 201 and 202: Figure 5.8. River cut profile 1A Le
Page 203 and 204: Figure 5.9. River cut profile 1B in
Page 205 and 206: Figure 5.10. River cut profile 2A L
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5.11. River cut profile 6B o
Page 209 and 210: Formative to Protoclassic ceramics
Page 211: fabrication methods, technologies,
Page 215 and 216: The San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 11
Page 217 and 218: Figure 5.19. Examples of Middle For
Page 219 and 220: The Late Classic Period (c. AD 550-
Page 221 and 222: English annular ware (c. AD 1785-18
Page 223 and 224: Ceramic Collection Areas The identi
Page 225 and 226: Figure 5.26. Distribution of cerami
Page 227 and 228: Formative period accounted for 785
Page 229 and 230: The survey was conducted along the
Page 231 and 232: Figure 5.29. Diagram of Olmec thron
Page 233 and 234: Figure 5.30. Map illustrating the l
Page 235 and 236: Late Formative (263), Protoclassic
Page 237 and 238: demonstrates an analogous situation
Page 239 and 240: Offering I Figure 5.32. Locations o
Page 241 and 242: Figure 5.34. Offering I is at the c
Page 243 and 244: Figure 5.36. Two reconstructed plat
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Page 247 and 248: The two figurine types are common t
Page 249 and 250: vessels that were deposited into a
Page 251 and 252: Figure 5.45. Two of three similar s
Page 253 and 254: Obsidian and Lithic Analyses The Ob
Page 255 and 256: Throne Units Test Units Offerings I
Page 257 and 258: inhabitants from other sites, or in
Page 259 and 260: Figure 5.50. Examples of stones tho
Page 261 and 262: Figure 5.51. El Marquesillo throne
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accomplished through violent blows
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Figure 5.56. Close-up of the figure
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Figure 5.58. Illustration of magnet
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Modifications to this pattern occur
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class occurred only in the presence
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appearance of ceramics occurred dur
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series of interrelated residential,
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The Early Formative period appearan
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Evidence of these constructions is
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and the excavated pit is not known,
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For the Gulf Olmec, monumental exhi
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precisely. This method would also m
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An earlier discussion suggested sty
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approximately 100 cm to 120 cm belo
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Nevertheless, the structural design
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discussion about the antiquity of t
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6.3). At La Venta equivalent basalt
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shamanistic ritual and rulership (F
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elevation provides an excellent ove
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further support to the idea that El
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Also contributing to the ceramic pr
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Another possible basalt deposition
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off is dramatic to say the least. T
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direction, a series of hills approx
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Finally, the selection and investig
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a metaphor for the movements of the
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plaza complex is also oriented to p
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the traditional communal ideology.
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where new diagnostic ceramic types
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Understanding of the early Postclas
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ceramics probably arrived at the en
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investigation before the direction
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Marquesillo, past and present. Fitt
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Through the integration of a sequen
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experienced an upward trend in popu
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prehispanic occupation would have b
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Assmann (2006) argues that prehisto
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1997:288). These changes in residen
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structures that could provide long-
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Analysis of these three components
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Early architectural units, specific
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activities and that these activitie
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political structure. Was it an inde
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subordinate to a nearby primary cen
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Explanation of Spatial Organization
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conjunction with other forms of arc
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Mesoamerican worldviews (Vogt 1981:
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Expanding the Boundaries and a Look
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to illustrate their power and wealt
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emains is striking. This disproport
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the earliest detectable occupation
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and Uxpanapa River Basins, I wonder
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Arnaiz-Villena, A., G. Vargas-Alarc
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Bassie, K. 2006 The Fire and Water
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Blake, M. and J. E. Clark 1999 The
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Butler, R. F. 1992 Paleomagnetism:
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2001 Gulf Lowlands: South Region. I
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Coe, M. D., D. Snow and E. Benson 1
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2003 Laguna de los Cerros: Una Capi
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2003 Analysis of Formative Period O
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Elachi, C. 1987 Introduction to the
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Foster, G. M. 1940 Notes on the Pop
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2001 La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. In
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Halbwachs, M. 1992 On Collective Me
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Hester, T. R., H. J. Shafer and K.
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Johnston, K. J. and N. Gonlin 1998
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Kruger, R. P. 1996 An Archaeologica
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Madry, S. L. H. 1987 A Multiscalar
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Middleton, W. D. 2004 Identifying C
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Ortíz, P. 1975 La Ceramica de los
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Plog, S. 1990 Agriculture, Sedentis
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Rapoport, A. 1990 History and Prece
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Rueda, H. G. 1989 Nuevas Exploracio
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Santley, R. S., S. A. Nelson, B. K.
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1989 Olmec Studies: A Status Report
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Stark, B. L. and P. J. Arnold 1997
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Tarling, D. H. 1983 Geomagnetism. C
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Tykot, R. H. 2004 Stable Isotopes a
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Wallerstein, I. 1974 The Modern Wor
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2003 The Role of Kinship and Demogr
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Appendix 1a. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 1b. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
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Appendix 2 Ceramic Types and Counts
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Appendix 3a. Obsidian from Test Uni
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Appendix 3b. Obsidian from Throne E
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Appendix 4a. Lithics from Surface C
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Appendix 4b. Lithics from River Cut
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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About the Author Travis F. Doering
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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