An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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Sanders, W. and D. Webster 1988 The Mesoamerican Urban Tradition. American Anthropologist 90:521- 546. Sanders, W. T. 1971 Cultural Ecology and Settlement Patterns of the Gulf Coast. In Handbook of Middle American Indians: Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica, edited by G. F. Ekholm and I. Bernal, pp. 543-557. Vol. 11, Part Two. University of Texas Press, Austin. Sanders, W. T. and B. J. Price 1968 Mesoamerica: The Evolution of a Civilization. Studies in Anthropology. Random House, New York. Sanderson, S. K. 1995 Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical Development. Blackwell, Cambridge, MA. Santiago, M. 2006 The Ecology of Oil: Environment, Labor, and the Mexican Revolution, 1900-1938. Studies in Environment and History. Cambridge University Press Cambridge Santley, R. S. 1992 A Consideration of the Olmec Phenomenon in the Tuxtlas. In Gardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica, edited by T. W. Killion, pp. 150-183. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Santley, R. S. and P. J. Arnold III 1996 Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Tuxtla Mountains, Southern Veracruz, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 23:225-249. Santley, R. S., P. J. Arnold III and T. P. Barrett 1997 Formative Period Settlement Patterns in the Tuxtla Mountains. In Olmec to Aztec: Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands, edited by B. L. Stark and P. J. Arnold III, pp. 174-205. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Santley, R. S., P. J. Arnold III and C. A. Pool 1989 The Ceramics Production System at Matacapan, Veracruz, Mexico Journal of Field Archaeology 16(1):107-132. Santley, R. S., P. O. Ceballos and C. A. Pool 1987 Recent Archaeological Research at Matacapan, Veracruz: A Summary of the Results of the 1982 to 1986 Field Seasons. Mexicon 9(2):41-48. 386
Santley, R. S., S. A. Nelson, B. K. Reinhardt, C. A. Pool and P. J. Arnold III 2000 When Day Turned to Night: Volcanism and the Archaeological Record from the Tuxtla Mountains, Southern Veracruz, Mexico. In Environmental Disaster and the Archaeology of Human Response, edited by G. Bawden and R. M. Reycraft, pp. 143-162. Vol. Anthropological Papers No. 7. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Santley, R. S. and R. Lunagómez 1991 Informe Final De Campo: Proyecto "Reconocimiento Arqueologico de Los Tuxtlas," Temporada 1991. Archivo Tecnico, Centro Regional de Veracruz, Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Veracruz, Mexico. Saville, M. H. 1929 Votive Axes from Ancient Mexico, Parts 1 and 2. Indian Notes 6:266-299, 335-342. Scarborough, V. L. 1998 Ecology and Ritual: Water Management and the Maya. Latin American Antiquity 9(2):135-159. Scarre, C. and B. Fagan 2002 Ancient Civilizations. Second ed. Prentice Hall, New York. Schele, L. and D. Freidel 1990 A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. William Morrow, New York. Schlanger, S. H. and J. D. Orcutt 1986 Site Surface Characteristics and Functional Inferences. American Antiquity 51(2):296-312. Schneider, H. K. 1977 Prehistoric Transpacific Contact and the Theory of Culture Change. American Anthropologist 79(1):9-25. Scholes, F. V. and R. L. Roys 1948 The Maya Chontal Indians of Acalan-Tixchel. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 560, Washington, D.C. Scholes, F. V. and D. Warren 1965 The Olmec Region at Spanish Contact. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, edited by G. R. Willey, pp. 776-787. Vol. III, Part 2. University of Texas Press, Austin. 387
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartlan
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“Note to Reader” The original o
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Confederacy Model 39 Feudalistic Mo
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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The Initial Occupation of El Marque
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List of Tables Table 5.1. Ceramic C
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Figure 3.14. Plan view of the Olmec
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.53. El Marquesillo throne
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the resulting data do not fit many
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Furtherance of my academic career w
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Introduction Chapter 1. Archaeology
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esearch being conducted along the S
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its introduction to Mesoamerican ar
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participants. It is especially crit
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interpretations. Finally, I compare
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analogy (Diehl 1989:25; VanDerwarke
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change, fluctuates according to “
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embedded misconceptions about these
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The “Heartland” has been deline
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than a century after their occurren
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inference as opposed to evidence. T
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Sanders and Webster (1988:544) argu
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Park (1992:90) presents the Olmec a
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lowland subsistence economy until a
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Maya are lineal descendents of the
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continued to inhibit scientific inq
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describes this attempted conformanc
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The models used for evaluation of t
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number of archaeological correlates
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Confederacy Model Pool (2000:150;20
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Limitations and Cautions in the Use
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Lorenzo is considered the earliest
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Several lines of evidence suggest a
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turn, gave budding Olmec leaders co
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apid growth of settlements and thei
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techniques (Berger et al. 1967; Hei
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appear to characterize it as a “c
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iconographic detail, and appear to
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Formative period Southern Gulf Lowl
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Medellín-Zeníl (1960) found large
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de Agua, and the famous, iconograph
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egarding subsistence, settlement, p
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Introduction Chapter 3. El Marquesi
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300-900). Historical documentation
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The features of the San Juan are ch
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Figure 3.4. Aerial photograph of El
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At each of these three points of co
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El Marquesillo’s geographic locat
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of the location for more than 3,500
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The extensive Villa Alta architectu
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of constructions. This formal archi
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To achieve and maintain this elevat
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Figure 3.11. Map of the Southern Gu
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Teotihuacán and Aztec trade routes
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land was not in the form of gold an
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Huaspaltepec (Playa Vicente), betwe
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as listed in these records, include
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community members had to work the l
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The 1944 flood was a momentous even
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of ancient structures, including Ce
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to recover as much information as p
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Figure 3.17. Photograph of El Seño
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collection along the cut bank was a
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its termination line (Borstein 2001
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Figure 3.18. Illustration of San Lo
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is seated transitionally between th
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Introduction Chapter 4. El Marquesi
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Grove 1997; Tolstoy 1989). Landscap
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Determination of the Survey Area Th
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Surface Mapping and Terrain Modelin
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Global Positioning System (GPS) Map
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Figure 4.4. Map of El Marquesillo g
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have the potential to record points
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The topographic images and terrain
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Figure 4.8. Digital Terrain Model o
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Figure 4.11. View to the east of lo
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The western third of the platform h
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Figure 4.15. Elevated view of Field
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Figure 4.17. Topographic map of El
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Figure 4.19. Northwest view of spri
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Information Systems (GIS) approach
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Figure 4.21. Illustration of docume
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Magnetic Properties of Basalt The m
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Magnetic Data Collection, Condition
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The magnetometer was set to the bas
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Figure 4.23. Topographical base map
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of basalt, but instead, a body of s
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Figure 4.25. Topographic contour ma
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mercuric sulfide in the soil. There
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Coyote, Honduras (Terry et al. 2000
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intersection on the numbered rows a
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The results were reported in parts
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Figure 4.28b. Box plot summaries of
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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Summary of the Soil Analyses When t
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Figure 4.31a. Potassium distributio
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estriction prohibiting further exca
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The average depth of any observed a
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.8. River cut profile 1A Le
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Figure 5.9. River cut profile 1B in
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Figure 5.10. River cut profile 2A L
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Figure 5.11. River cut profile 6B o
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Formative to Protoclassic ceramics
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fabrication methods, technologies,
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some of the Formative period wares
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The San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 11
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Figure 5.19. Examples of Middle For
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The Late Classic Period (c. AD 550-
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English annular ware (c. AD 1785-18
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Ceramic Collection Areas The identi
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Figure 5.26. Distribution of cerami
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Formative period accounted for 785
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The survey was conducted along the
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Figure 5.29. Diagram of Olmec thron
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Figure 5.30. Map illustrating the l
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Late Formative (263), Protoclassic
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demonstrates an analogous situation
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Offering I Figure 5.32. Locations o
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Figure 5.34. Offering I is at the c
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Figure 5.36. Two reconstructed plat
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crescent with its concave and conve
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The two figurine types are common t
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vessels that were deposited into a
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Figure 5.45. Two of three similar s
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Obsidian and Lithic Analyses The Ob
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Throne Units Test Units Offerings I
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inhabitants from other sites, or in
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Figure 5.50. Examples of stones tho
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Figure 5.51. El Marquesillo throne
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accomplished through violent blows
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Figure 5.56. Close-up of the figure
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Figure 5.58. Illustration of magnet
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Modifications to this pattern occur
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class occurred only in the presence
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appearance of ceramics occurred dur
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series of interrelated residential,
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The Early Formative period appearan
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Evidence of these constructions is
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and the excavated pit is not known,
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For the Gulf Olmec, monumental exhi
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precisely. This method would also m
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An earlier discussion suggested sty
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approximately 100 cm to 120 cm belo
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Nevertheless, the structural design
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discussion about the antiquity of t
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6.3). At La Venta equivalent basalt
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shamanistic ritual and rulership (F
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elevation provides an excellent ove
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further support to the idea that El
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Also contributing to the ceramic pr
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Another possible basalt deposition
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off is dramatic to say the least. T
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direction, a series of hills approx
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Finally, the selection and investig
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a metaphor for the movements of the
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plaza complex is also oriented to p
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the traditional communal ideology.
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where new diagnostic ceramic types
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Understanding of the early Postclas
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ceramics probably arrived at the en
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investigation before the direction
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Marquesillo, past and present. Fitt
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Through the integration of a sequen
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experienced an upward trend in popu
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prehispanic occupation would have b
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Assmann (2006) argues that prehisto
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1997:288). These changes in residen
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structures that could provide long-
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Analysis of these three components
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Early architectural units, specific
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activities and that these activitie
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political structure. Was it an inde
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subordinate to a nearby primary cen
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Explanation of Spatial Organization
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conjunction with other forms of arc
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Mesoamerican worldviews (Vogt 1981:
Page 357 and 358: Expanding the Boundaries and a Look
Page 359 and 360: to illustrate their power and wealt
Page 361 and 362: emains is striking. This disproport
Page 363 and 364: the earliest detectable occupation
Page 365 and 366: and Uxpanapa River Basins, I wonder
Page 367 and 368: Arnaiz-Villena, A., G. Vargas-Alarc
Page 369 and 370: Bassie, K. 2006 The Fire and Water
Page 371 and 372: Blake, M. and J. E. Clark 1999 The
Page 373 and 374: Butler, R. F. 1992 Paleomagnetism:
Page 375 and 376: 2001 Gulf Lowlands: South Region. I
Page 377 and 378: Coe, M. D., D. Snow and E. Benson 1
Page 379 and 380: 2003 Laguna de los Cerros: Una Capi
Page 381 and 382: 2003 Analysis of Formative Period O
Page 383 and 384: Elachi, C. 1987 Introduction to the
Page 385 and 386: Foster, G. M. 1940 Notes on the Pop
Page 387 and 388: 2001 La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. In
Page 389 and 390: Halbwachs, M. 1992 On Collective Me
Page 391 and 392: Hester, T. R., H. J. Shafer and K.
Page 393 and 394: Johnston, K. J. and N. Gonlin 1998
Page 395 and 396: Kruger, R. P. 1996 An Archaeologica
Page 397 and 398: Madry, S. L. H. 1987 A Multiscalar
Page 399 and 400: Middleton, W. D. 2004 Identifying C
Page 401 and 402: Ortíz, P. 1975 La Ceramica de los
Page 403 and 404: Plog, S. 1990 Agriculture, Sedentis
Page 405 and 406: Rapoport, A. 1990 History and Prece
Page 407: Rueda, H. G. 1989 Nuevas Exploracio
Page 411 and 412: 1989 Olmec Studies: A Status Report
Page 413 and 414: Stark, B. L. and P. J. Arnold 1997
Page 415 and 416: Tarling, D. H. 1983 Geomagnetism. C
Page 417 and 418: Tykot, R. H. 2004 Stable Isotopes a
Page 419 and 420: Wallerstein, I. 1974 The Modern Wor
Page 421 and 422: 2003 The Role of Kinship and Demogr
Page 423 and 424: Appendix 1a. Ceramic Analysis: Type
Page 425 and 426: Appendix 1b. Ceramic Analysis: Type
Page 427 and 428: Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
Page 445 and 446: Appendix 2 Ceramic Types and Counts
Page 457 and 458: Appendix 3a. Obsidian from Test Uni
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Appendix 3b. Obsidian from Throne E
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Appendix 4a. Lithics from Surface C
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Appendix 4b. Lithics from River Cut
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
Page 471 and 472:
Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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About the Author Travis F. Doering
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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