An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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The discrepancy between sources at El Marquesillo and the other sites mentioned may be due to sample error; nevertheless, this limited number of sources may suggest that El Marquesillo may have been autonomous from the San Lorenzo or the later La Venta exchange spheres. More than 38 percent of El Marquesillo’s obsidian originated at the Zaragoza source, but none of this material is identified at San Lorenzo. During extended periods at El Marquesillo, I observed additional obsidian material on the surface. As well, portions of prismatic blades were recovered in situ with San Lorenzo phase ceramics (c. 1150-1000 BC) along the river cut. This association indicates that blade technology and its implications for elite control were present at El Marquesillo at this early time (see Clark 1987; Clark and Blake 1994). Based on the formal surveys and informal observations a significant relationship is demonstrated with Zaragoza (400 km) and Guadalupe Victoria (300 km) during the Formative period. Lithic Analysis No stone material, other than river gravel, is indigenous to the alluvial river basins of southern Veracruz and Tabasco (Sisson 1976). Igneous rock such as basalt, pumice, rhyolite, and andesite were favored for ground stone tools and had to be imported to El Marquesillo (see Appendix 4a and 4b). The sources for these types of rock are located in the volcanic Tuxtla Mountains, 30 to 40 km to the north. Apart from the Olmec throne, the lithic collection from El Marquesillo is unremarkable for a Formative period site; nonetheless it demonstrates participation in regional economic interaction spheres. The form of involvement in these systems may have been through collective actions with 234
inhabitants from other sites, or independent activities by persons from El Marquesillo, or a combination of both. The lithic artifacts examined were recovered during the surface and river cut surveys and collections. Various types of grinding and polishing implements compose the majority of the imported lithic assemblage. The primary grinding tools included fragments of manos, metates, mortars and pestles. Most appear to conform to Formative period conventions as to size and form, but reuse after breakage was common. The collection includes a number of celt-form pieces made from a variety of exotic rock types. Several basalt stones were ground to a narrow point along a lateral edge (Figures 5.48 and 5.49). Most examples of these distinctly formed pieces were reworked metates; the purpose of this modification is not known. Figure 5.48. Basalt fragment ground to point along lateral edge 235
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartlan
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“Note to Reader” The original o
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Confederacy Model 39 Feudalistic Mo
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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The Initial Occupation of El Marque
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List of Tables Table 5.1. Ceramic C
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Figure 3.14. Plan view of the Olmec
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.53. El Marquesillo throne
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the resulting data do not fit many
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Furtherance of my academic career w
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Introduction Chapter 1. Archaeology
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esearch being conducted along the S
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its introduction to Mesoamerican ar
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participants. It is especially crit
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interpretations. Finally, I compare
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analogy (Diehl 1989:25; VanDerwarke
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change, fluctuates according to “
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embedded misconceptions about these
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The “Heartland” has been deline
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than a century after their occurren
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inference as opposed to evidence. T
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Sanders and Webster (1988:544) argu
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Park (1992:90) presents the Olmec a
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lowland subsistence economy until a
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Maya are lineal descendents of the
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continued to inhibit scientific inq
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describes this attempted conformanc
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The models used for evaluation of t
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number of archaeological correlates
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Confederacy Model Pool (2000:150;20
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Limitations and Cautions in the Use
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Lorenzo is considered the earliest
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Several lines of evidence suggest a
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turn, gave budding Olmec leaders co
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apid growth of settlements and thei
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techniques (Berger et al. 1967; Hei
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appear to characterize it as a “c
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iconographic detail, and appear to
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Formative period Southern Gulf Lowl
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Medellín-Zeníl (1960) found large
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de Agua, and the famous, iconograph
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egarding subsistence, settlement, p
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Introduction Chapter 3. El Marquesi
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300-900). Historical documentation
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The features of the San Juan are ch
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Figure 3.4. Aerial photograph of El
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At each of these three points of co
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El Marquesillo’s geographic locat
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of the location for more than 3,500
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The extensive Villa Alta architectu
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of constructions. This formal archi
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To achieve and maintain this elevat
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Figure 3.11. Map of the Southern Gu
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Teotihuacán and Aztec trade routes
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land was not in the form of gold an
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Huaspaltepec (Playa Vicente), betwe
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as listed in these records, include
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community members had to work the l
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The 1944 flood was a momentous even
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of ancient structures, including Ce
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to recover as much information as p
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Figure 3.17. Photograph of El Seño
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collection along the cut bank was a
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its termination line (Borstein 2001
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Figure 3.18. Illustration of San Lo
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is seated transitionally between th
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Introduction Chapter 4. El Marquesi
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Grove 1997; Tolstoy 1989). Landscap
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Determination of the Survey Area Th
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Surface Mapping and Terrain Modelin
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Global Positioning System (GPS) Map
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Figure 4.4. Map of El Marquesillo g
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have the potential to record points
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The topographic images and terrain
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Figure 4.8. Digital Terrain Model o
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Figure 4.11. View to the east of lo
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The western third of the platform h
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Figure 4.15. Elevated view of Field
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Figure 4.17. Topographic map of El
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Figure 4.19. Northwest view of spri
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Information Systems (GIS) approach
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Figure 4.21. Illustration of docume
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Magnetic Properties of Basalt The m
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Magnetic Data Collection, Condition
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The magnetometer was set to the bas
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Figure 4.23. Topographical base map
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of basalt, but instead, a body of s
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Figure 4.25. Topographic contour ma
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mercuric sulfide in the soil. There
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Coyote, Honduras (Terry et al. 2000
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intersection on the numbered rows a
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The results were reported in parts
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Figure 4.28b. Box plot summaries of
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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Summary of the Soil Analyses When t
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Figure 4.31a. Potassium distributio
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estriction prohibiting further exca
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The average depth of any observed a
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.8. River cut profile 1A Le
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Figure 5.9. River cut profile 1B in
Page 205 and 206: Figure 5.10. River cut profile 2A L
Page 207 and 208: Figure 5.11. River cut profile 6B o
Page 209 and 210: Formative to Protoclassic ceramics
Page 211 and 212: fabrication methods, technologies,
Page 213 and 214: some of the Formative period wares
Page 215 and 216: The San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 11
Page 217 and 218: Figure 5.19. Examples of Middle For
Page 219 and 220: The Late Classic Period (c. AD 550-
Page 221 and 222: English annular ware (c. AD 1785-18
Page 223 and 224: Ceramic Collection Areas The identi
Page 225 and 226: Figure 5.26. Distribution of cerami
Page 227 and 228: Formative period accounted for 785
Page 229 and 230: The survey was conducted along the
Page 231 and 232: Figure 5.29. Diagram of Olmec thron
Page 233 and 234: Figure 5.30. Map illustrating the l
Page 235 and 236: Late Formative (263), Protoclassic
Page 237 and 238: demonstrates an analogous situation
Page 239 and 240: Offering I Figure 5.32. Locations o
Page 241 and 242: Figure 5.34. Offering I is at the c
Page 243 and 244: Figure 5.36. Two reconstructed plat
Page 245 and 246: crescent with its concave and conve
Page 247 and 248: The two figurine types are common t
Page 249 and 250: vessels that were deposited into a
Page 251 and 252: Figure 5.45. Two of three similar s
Page 253 and 254: Obsidian and Lithic Analyses The Ob
Page 255: Throne Units Test Units Offerings I
Page 259 and 260: Figure 5.50. Examples of stones tho
Page 261 and 262: Figure 5.51. El Marquesillo throne
Page 263 and 264: accomplished through violent blows
Page 265 and 266: Figure 5.56. Close-up of the figure
Page 267 and 268: Figure 5.58. Illustration of magnet
Page 269 and 270: Modifications to this pattern occur
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Page 273 and 274: appearance of ceramics occurred dur
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Page 277 and 278: The Early Formative period appearan
Page 279 and 280: Evidence of these constructions is
Page 281 and 282: and the excavated pit is not known,
Page 283 and 284: For the Gulf Olmec, monumental exhi
Page 285 and 286: precisely. This method would also m
Page 287 and 288: An earlier discussion suggested sty
Page 289 and 290: approximately 100 cm to 120 cm belo
Page 291 and 292: Nevertheless, the structural design
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Page 295 and 296: 6.3). At La Venta equivalent basalt
Page 297 and 298: shamanistic ritual and rulership (F
Page 299 and 300: elevation provides an excellent ove
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Page 303 and 304: Also contributing to the ceramic pr
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off is dramatic to say the least. T
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direction, a series of hills approx
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Finally, the selection and investig
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a metaphor for the movements of the
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plaza complex is also oriented to p
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the traditional communal ideology.
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where new diagnostic ceramic types
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Understanding of the early Postclas
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ceramics probably arrived at the en
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investigation before the direction
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Marquesillo, past and present. Fitt
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Through the integration of a sequen
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experienced an upward trend in popu
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prehispanic occupation would have b
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Assmann (2006) argues that prehisto
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1997:288). These changes in residen
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structures that could provide long-
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Analysis of these three components
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Early architectural units, specific
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activities and that these activitie
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political structure. Was it an inde
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subordinate to a nearby primary cen
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Explanation of Spatial Organization
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conjunction with other forms of arc
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Mesoamerican worldviews (Vogt 1981:
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Expanding the Boundaries and a Look
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to illustrate their power and wealt
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emains is striking. This disproport
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the earliest detectable occupation
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and Uxpanapa River Basins, I wonder
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Arnaiz-Villena, A., G. Vargas-Alarc
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Bassie, K. 2006 The Fire and Water
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Blake, M. and J. E. Clark 1999 The
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Butler, R. F. 1992 Paleomagnetism:
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2001 Gulf Lowlands: South Region. I
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Coe, M. D., D. Snow and E. Benson 1
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2003 Laguna de los Cerros: Una Capi
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2003 Analysis of Formative Period O
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Elachi, C. 1987 Introduction to the
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Foster, G. M. 1940 Notes on the Pop
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2001 La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. In
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Halbwachs, M. 1992 On Collective Me
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Hester, T. R., H. J. Shafer and K.
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Johnston, K. J. and N. Gonlin 1998
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Kruger, R. P. 1996 An Archaeologica
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Madry, S. L. H. 1987 A Multiscalar
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Middleton, W. D. 2004 Identifying C
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Ortíz, P. 1975 La Ceramica de los
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Plog, S. 1990 Agriculture, Sedentis
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Rapoport, A. 1990 History and Prece
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Rueda, H. G. 1989 Nuevas Exploracio
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Santley, R. S., S. A. Nelson, B. K.
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1989 Olmec Studies: A Status Report
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Stark, B. L. and P. J. Arnold 1997
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Tarling, D. H. 1983 Geomagnetism. C
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Tykot, R. H. 2004 Stable Isotopes a
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Wallerstein, I. 1974 The Modern Wor
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2003 The Role of Kinship and Demogr
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Appendix 1a. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 1b. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
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Appendix 2 Ceramic Types and Counts
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Appendix 3a. Obsidian from Test Uni
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Appendix 3b. Obsidian from Throne E
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Appendix 4a. Lithics from Surface C
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Appendix 4b. Lithics from River Cut
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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About the Author Travis F. Doering
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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