An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

Several lines of evidence suggest a highly stratified society that was organized
around the exploitation of exotic resources. Analysis of the settlement survey indicates
that an elite ceremonial core was located on the highest portion of the plateau and
contained the most prestigious residences (Symonds 2000:56). Spaces were also allotted
for ceremonial or ritual displays including the exhibition of monumental sculptures.
Special activity areas for the production of elite crafts were also present on the summit in
the form of ilmenite cube concentrations and stone sculpture workshops (see Clark 1997;
Cyphers 1996b). Middle-range dwellings contain evidence of obsidian tool and
greenstone ornament production.
The presence of numerous types of exotic materials and products indicate an
extensive exchange network in which San Lorenzo’s inhabitants participated. The
leadership at San Lorenzo is thought to have controlled access to local and exotic
resources. Three primary obsidian sources (Guadalupe Victoria in Puebla, Otumba in
Central Mexico, and El Chayal in Guatemala) have been identified at San Lorenzo
(Cobean et al. 1971, 1991). Magnetite mirrors from Oaxaca, basalt from the Tuxtla
Mountains, ilmenite from Chiapas, and numerous types of metamorphic rock were
imported through this trade network.
The interpretations of sociopolitical complexity are derived from the spatial
deposition of materials and the implicit need for centralized organization in order to carry
out the acquisition, transport, and carving of monumental basalt sculptures. At San
Lorenzo, economic expansion through the import and export of goods was associated
with the establishment of a complex political system and increased social stratification.
Emergent elites demonstrated their authority and legitimized their right to authority,
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