An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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Figure 6.7. Topographical base map with magnetic data overlaid. Red line highlights the path of Linear Anomaly 1 from Structure 109 to 84. the anomaly may be caused by a substantial body of basalt, possibly up to 15 m wide. A concentration of basalt this size is similar to the “Massive Offerings” at La Venta (see Drucker et al. 1959:127-133). The magnetic coherence of this anomaly would have required extraordinary planning and assembly to align the magnetic direction of each component of the buried material. The awareness of the qualities of magnetism in basalt required to accomplish this type of project appears to have been present in the Southern Gulf Lowlands (Carlson 1975; Guimarães 2004). A Formative period date is attributed to this event based on the river cut profile evidence and the supposition that the movement of monumental size stone within the Southern Gulf Lowland region apparently stopped prior to the Classic period, other than surface movements of some Formative period sculptures to later Villa Alta phase complexes (e.g., Laguna de los Cerros, San Lorenzo, and Las Limas). 282
Another possible basalt deposition event occurred in conjunction with Structure 109, approximately 650 m to the southeast of 84 (see Figure 6.7). As noted in Chapter 4, Structure 109 is a rectangular, truncated pyramidal platform with rounded corners and a large, level summit area. The most notable feature of the structure is a ramp extending from the top of northeast side of the platform that gradually descends over a distance of nearly 100 m. At the end of this incline is a remarkably straight anomaly that extends approximately 120 m to the northeast. In Figure 6.7 the magnetometer data have been superimposed over a topographic map. This image illustrates that Linear Anomaly 1 conforms to the surface features and that an extension of its directional axis intersects Structure 84 and its massive buried anomaly. Its directional path toward Structure 84 may suggest some type of symbolic connection or relationship between these two structures. Another major feature was identified through an examination of the surface collection and is directly associated with the causeway. Data revealed a highly circumscribed area of ceramic and lithic deposition that literally straddles the axis line and extends between Structure 109 and 84 (Figure 6.8). The Primary Deposition Zone (PDZ) is so named due to the fact that 1,490 of the 4,756 ceramic artifacts recovered during the entire surface collection across Fields 1 through 8, were collected within this bounded sector. Although the PDZ represents only 8.3 percent of the surface area collected, it accounts for 33 percent of the total ceramic assemblage and 28 percent of the lithic assemblage recovered in the surface collection. When considering the PDZ, it should be noted that the rectangular shape and straight-line boundaries are features created by the grid-based collection process, not of the original deposition process. As well, during the collection process, the ground cover 283
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartlan
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“Note to Reader” The original o
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Confederacy Model 39 Feudalistic Mo
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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The Initial Occupation of El Marque
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List of Tables Table 5.1. Ceramic C
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Figure 3.14. Plan view of the Olmec
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.53. El Marquesillo throne
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the resulting data do not fit many
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Furtherance of my academic career w
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Introduction Chapter 1. Archaeology
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esearch being conducted along the S
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its introduction to Mesoamerican ar
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participants. It is especially crit
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interpretations. Finally, I compare
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analogy (Diehl 1989:25; VanDerwarke
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change, fluctuates according to “
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embedded misconceptions about these
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The “Heartland” has been deline
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than a century after their occurren
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inference as opposed to evidence. T
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Sanders and Webster (1988:544) argu
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Park (1992:90) presents the Olmec a
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lowland subsistence economy until a
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Maya are lineal descendents of the
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continued to inhibit scientific inq
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describes this attempted conformanc
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The models used for evaluation of t
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number of archaeological correlates
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Confederacy Model Pool (2000:150;20
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Limitations and Cautions in the Use
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Lorenzo is considered the earliest
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Several lines of evidence suggest a
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turn, gave budding Olmec leaders co
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apid growth of settlements and thei
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techniques (Berger et al. 1967; Hei
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appear to characterize it as a “c
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iconographic detail, and appear to
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Formative period Southern Gulf Lowl
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Medellín-Zeníl (1960) found large
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de Agua, and the famous, iconograph
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egarding subsistence, settlement, p
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Introduction Chapter 3. El Marquesi
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300-900). Historical documentation
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The features of the San Juan are ch
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Figure 3.4. Aerial photograph of El
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At each of these three points of co
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El Marquesillo’s geographic locat
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of the location for more than 3,500
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The extensive Villa Alta architectu
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of constructions. This formal archi
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To achieve and maintain this elevat
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Figure 3.11. Map of the Southern Gu
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Teotihuacán and Aztec trade routes
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land was not in the form of gold an
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Huaspaltepec (Playa Vicente), betwe
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as listed in these records, include
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community members had to work the l
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The 1944 flood was a momentous even
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of ancient structures, including Ce
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to recover as much information as p
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Figure 3.17. Photograph of El Seño
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collection along the cut bank was a
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its termination line (Borstein 2001
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Figure 3.18. Illustration of San Lo
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is seated transitionally between th
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Introduction Chapter 4. El Marquesi
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Grove 1997; Tolstoy 1989). Landscap
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Determination of the Survey Area Th
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Surface Mapping and Terrain Modelin
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Global Positioning System (GPS) Map
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Figure 4.4. Map of El Marquesillo g
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have the potential to record points
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The topographic images and terrain
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Figure 4.8. Digital Terrain Model o
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Figure 4.11. View to the east of lo
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The western third of the platform h
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Figure 4.15. Elevated view of Field
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Figure 4.17. Topographic map of El
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Figure 4.19. Northwest view of spri
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Information Systems (GIS) approach
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Figure 4.21. Illustration of docume
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Magnetic Properties of Basalt The m
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Magnetic Data Collection, Condition
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The magnetometer was set to the bas
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Figure 4.23. Topographical base map
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of basalt, but instead, a body of s
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Figure 4.25. Topographic contour ma
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mercuric sulfide in the soil. There
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Coyote, Honduras (Terry et al. 2000
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intersection on the numbered rows a
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The results were reported in parts
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Figure 4.28b. Box plot summaries of
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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Summary of the Soil Analyses When t
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Figure 4.31a. Potassium distributio
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estriction prohibiting further exca
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The average depth of any observed a
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.8. River cut profile 1A Le
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Figure 5.9. River cut profile 1B in
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Figure 5.10. River cut profile 2A L
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Figure 5.11. River cut profile 6B o
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Formative to Protoclassic ceramics
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fabrication methods, technologies,
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some of the Formative period wares
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The San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 11
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Figure 5.19. Examples of Middle For
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The Late Classic Period (c. AD 550-
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English annular ware (c. AD 1785-18
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Ceramic Collection Areas The identi
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Figure 5.26. Distribution of cerami
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Formative period accounted for 785
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The survey was conducted along the
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Figure 5.29. Diagram of Olmec thron
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Figure 5.30. Map illustrating the l
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Late Formative (263), Protoclassic
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demonstrates an analogous situation
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Offering I Figure 5.32. Locations o
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Figure 5.34. Offering I is at the c
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Figure 5.36. Two reconstructed plat
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crescent with its concave and conve
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The two figurine types are common t
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vessels that were deposited into a
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Figure 5.45. Two of three similar s
Page 253 and 254: Obsidian and Lithic Analyses The Ob
Page 255 and 256: Throne Units Test Units Offerings I
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Page 259 and 260: Figure 5.50. Examples of stones tho
Page 261 and 262: Figure 5.51. El Marquesillo throne
Page 263 and 264: accomplished through violent blows
Page 265 and 266: Figure 5.56. Close-up of the figure
Page 267 and 268: Figure 5.58. Illustration of magnet
Page 269 and 270: Modifications to this pattern occur
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Page 277 and 278: The Early Formative period appearan
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Page 291 and 292: Nevertheless, the structural design
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Page 295 and 296: 6.3). At La Venta equivalent basalt
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Page 299 and 300: elevation provides an excellent ove
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Page 303: Also contributing to the ceramic pr
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Page 309 and 310: direction, a series of hills approx
Page 311 and 312: Finally, the selection and investig
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Page 315 and 316: plaza complex is also oriented to p
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Page 321 and 322: Understanding of the early Postclas
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Page 327 and 328: Marquesillo, past and present. Fitt
Page 329 and 330: Through the integration of a sequen
Page 331 and 332: experienced an upward trend in popu
Page 333 and 334: prehispanic occupation would have b
Page 335 and 336: Assmann (2006) argues that prehisto
Page 337 and 338: 1997:288). These changes in residen
Page 339 and 340: structures that could provide long-
Page 341 and 342: Analysis of these three components
Page 343 and 344: Early architectural units, specific
Page 345 and 346: activities and that these activitie
Page 347 and 348: political structure. Was it an inde
Page 349 and 350: subordinate to a nearby primary cen
Page 351 and 352: Explanation of Spatial Organization
Page 353 and 354: conjunction with other forms of arc
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Mesoamerican worldviews (Vogt 1981:
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Expanding the Boundaries and a Look
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to illustrate their power and wealt
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emains is striking. This disproport
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the earliest detectable occupation
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and Uxpanapa River Basins, I wonder
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Arnaiz-Villena, A., G. Vargas-Alarc
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Bassie, K. 2006 The Fire and Water
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Blake, M. and J. E. Clark 1999 The
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Butler, R. F. 1992 Paleomagnetism:
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2001 Gulf Lowlands: South Region. I
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Coe, M. D., D. Snow and E. Benson 1
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2003 Laguna de los Cerros: Una Capi
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2003 Analysis of Formative Period O
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Elachi, C. 1987 Introduction to the
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Foster, G. M. 1940 Notes on the Pop
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2001 La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. In
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Halbwachs, M. 1992 On Collective Me
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Hester, T. R., H. J. Shafer and K.
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Johnston, K. J. and N. Gonlin 1998
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Kruger, R. P. 1996 An Archaeologica
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Madry, S. L. H. 1987 A Multiscalar
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Middleton, W. D. 2004 Identifying C
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Ortíz, P. 1975 La Ceramica de los
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Plog, S. 1990 Agriculture, Sedentis
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Rapoport, A. 1990 History and Prece
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Rueda, H. G. 1989 Nuevas Exploracio
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Santley, R. S., S. A. Nelson, B. K.
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1989 Olmec Studies: A Status Report
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Stark, B. L. and P. J. Arnold 1997
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Tarling, D. H. 1983 Geomagnetism. C
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Tykot, R. H. 2004 Stable Isotopes a
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Wallerstein, I. 1974 The Modern Wor
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2003 The Role of Kinship and Demogr
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Appendix 1a. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 1b. Ceramic Analysis: Type
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Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
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Appendix 2 Ceramic Types and Counts
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Appendix 3a. Obsidian from Test Uni
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Appendix 3b. Obsidian from Throne E
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Appendix 4a. Lithics from Surface C
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Appendix 4b. Lithics from River Cut
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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About the Author Travis F. Doering
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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