An Unexplored Realm in the Heartland of the Southern Gulf ... - Famsi

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1994 Historical Ecology: A Multidisciplinary Ecological Orientation. In Historical Ecology: Cultural Knowledge and Changing Landscapes, edited by C. L. Crumley, pp. 1-16. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. Crumley, C. L. and W. H. Marquardt 1987 Regional Dynamics in Burgandy. In Regional Dynamics: Burgandian Landscapes in Historical Perspective, edited by C. L. Crumley and W. H. Marquardt, pp. 609-623. Academic Press, New York. 1990 Landscape: A Unifying Concept in Regional Analysis. In Interpreting Space: GIS and Archaeology, edited by K. M. Allen, S. W. Green and E. B. W. Zubrow, pp. 73-79. Taylor & Francis, London. Curet, L. A., B. L. Stark and Z. S. Vásquez 1994 Postclassic Changes in Veracruz, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 5:13-32. Cyphers, A. 1993 From Stone to Symbols: Olmec Art in Social Context at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan. In Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica, edited by D. C. Grove and R. A. Joyce, pp. 155-180. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C. 1994 San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán In Los Olmecas en Mesoamérica, edited by J. E. Clark, pp. 42-67. Ediciones el Equilibrista and Citibank, Mexico City. 1996a The Colossal Heads. In Arqueologia Mexicana, pp. 48-55. Special Edition. 1996b Reconstructing Olmec Life at San Lorenzo. In Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico, edited by E. P. Benson and B. Fuente, pp. 61-72. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. 1997a Olmec Architecture at San Lorenzo. In Olmec to Aztec: Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands, edited by B. L. Stark and P. J. Arnold, pp. 96-114. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 1997b Poblacíon, Subsistencia y Medio Ambiente en San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Mexico City. 2001 San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan (Veracruz, Mexico). In Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, edited by S. T. Evans and D. L. Webster, pp. 645-649. Garland, New York. 356
2003 Laguna de los Cerros: Una Capital del Periodo Clásico Terminal en la Costa Sur del Golfo de México. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies Inc. 2004 Escultura Olmeca de San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City. Daneels, A. 1988 La Cerámica de Plaza de Toros y Colonia Ejidal, Informe Sobre las Excavaciones Realizadas en 1984 en el Marco del Proyecto “Exploraciones en El Centro de Veracruz”. 2 vols. Archivo Técnico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City. 1997 Settlement History in the Lower Cotaxtla Basin. In Olmec to Aztec: Settlement Patterns in the Ancient Gulf Lowlands, edited by B. L. Stark and P. J. Arnold, pp. 206-252. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Davis-Salazar, K. 2004 Multi-Elemental Analysis of Ancient Maya Pigments Reveals New Information on Political and Religious Rituals at Copán, Honduras. Society for Archaeological Sciences Bulletin 27 3:9-10. de la Fuente, B. 1996 Homocentrism in Olmec Monumental Art. In Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico, edited by E. P. Benson and B. de la Fuente, pp. 41-49. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. 2000 Olmec Sculpture: The First Mesoamerican Art. In Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica, edited by J. E. Clark and M. E. Pye, pp. 252-263. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Delgado-Calderón, A. 1995 Pueblos Negros del Sur de Veracruz. Raíces: Revista de Analisis 19:13-14. 1997a Historia Indígena Durante la Poca Colonial: Segunda Parte. Raíces: Revista de Analisis 32:11-12. 1997b Los Nahuas en el Sur de Veracruz. Raíces: Revista de Analisis 34:7-12. 2000 La Conformacíon de Regions en el Sotavento Veracruzano: Una Aproximacíon Histórica. In El Sotavento Veracruzano: Procesos Sociales y Dinámicas Territoriales, edited by E. Léonard and E. Velázquez, pp. 27-41. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios, Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico, D.F. 357
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An Unexplored Realm in the Heartlan
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“Note to Reader” The original o
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Confederacy Model 39 Feudalistic Mo
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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The Initial Occupation of El Marque
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List of Tables Table 5.1. Ceramic C
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Figure 3.14. Plan view of the Olmec
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.53. El Marquesillo throne
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the resulting data do not fit many
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Furtherance of my academic career w
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Introduction Chapter 1. Archaeology
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esearch being conducted along the S
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its introduction to Mesoamerican ar
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participants. It is especially crit
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interpretations. Finally, I compare
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analogy (Diehl 1989:25; VanDerwarke
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change, fluctuates according to “
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embedded misconceptions about these
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The “Heartland” has been deline
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than a century after their occurren
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inference as opposed to evidence. T
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Sanders and Webster (1988:544) argu
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Park (1992:90) presents the Olmec a
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lowland subsistence economy until a
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Maya are lineal descendents of the
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continued to inhibit scientific inq
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describes this attempted conformanc
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The models used for evaluation of t
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number of archaeological correlates
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Confederacy Model Pool (2000:150;20
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Limitations and Cautions in the Use
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Lorenzo is considered the earliest
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Several lines of evidence suggest a
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turn, gave budding Olmec leaders co
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apid growth of settlements and thei
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techniques (Berger et al. 1967; Hei
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appear to characterize it as a “c
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iconographic detail, and appear to
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Formative period Southern Gulf Lowl
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Medellín-Zeníl (1960) found large
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de Agua, and the famous, iconograph
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egarding subsistence, settlement, p
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Introduction Chapter 3. El Marquesi
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300-900). Historical documentation
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The features of the San Juan are ch
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Figure 3.4. Aerial photograph of El
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At each of these three points of co
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El Marquesillo’s geographic locat
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of the location for more than 3,500
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The extensive Villa Alta architectu
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of constructions. This formal archi
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To achieve and maintain this elevat
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Figure 3.11. Map of the Southern Gu
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Teotihuacán and Aztec trade routes
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land was not in the form of gold an
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Huaspaltepec (Playa Vicente), betwe
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as listed in these records, include
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community members had to work the l
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The 1944 flood was a momentous even
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of ancient structures, including Ce
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to recover as much information as p
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Figure 3.17. Photograph of El Seño
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collection along the cut bank was a
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its termination line (Borstein 2001
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Figure 3.18. Illustration of San Lo
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is seated transitionally between th
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Introduction Chapter 4. El Marquesi
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Grove 1997; Tolstoy 1989). Landscap
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Determination of the Survey Area Th
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Surface Mapping and Terrain Modelin
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Global Positioning System (GPS) Map
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Figure 4.4. Map of El Marquesillo g
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have the potential to record points
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The topographic images and terrain
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Figure 4.8. Digital Terrain Model o
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Figure 4.11. View to the east of lo
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The western third of the platform h
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Figure 4.15. Elevated view of Field
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Figure 4.17. Topographic map of El
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Figure 4.19. Northwest view of spri
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Information Systems (GIS) approach
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Figure 4.21. Illustration of docume
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Magnetic Properties of Basalt The m
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Magnetic Data Collection, Condition
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The magnetometer was set to the bas
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Figure 4.23. Topographical base map
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of basalt, but instead, a body of s
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Figure 4.25. Topographic contour ma
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mercuric sulfide in the soil. There
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Coyote, Honduras (Terry et al. 2000
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intersection on the numbered rows a
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The results were reported in parts
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Figure 4.28b. Box plot summaries of
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Elemental Analysis of the Soils fro
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Summary of the Soil Analyses When t
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Figure 4.31a. Potassium distributio
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estriction prohibiting further exca
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The average depth of any observed a
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Figure 5.7. Site map illustrating l
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Figure 5.8. River cut profile 1A Le
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Figure 5.9. River cut profile 1B in
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Figure 5.10. River cut profile 2A L
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Figure 5.11. River cut profile 6B o
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Formative to Protoclassic ceramics
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fabrication methods, technologies,
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some of the Formative period wares
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The San Lorenzo Olmec Period (c. 11
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Figure 5.19. Examples of Middle For
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The Late Classic Period (c. AD 550-
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English annular ware (c. AD 1785-18
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Ceramic Collection Areas The identi
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Figure 5.26. Distribution of cerami
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Formative period accounted for 785
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The survey was conducted along the
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Figure 5.29. Diagram of Olmec thron
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Figure 5.30. Map illustrating the l
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Late Formative (263), Protoclassic
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demonstrates an analogous situation
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Offering I Figure 5.32. Locations o
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Figure 5.34. Offering I is at the c
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Figure 5.36. Two reconstructed plat
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crescent with its concave and conve
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The two figurine types are common t
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vessels that were deposited into a
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Figure 5.45. Two of three similar s
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Obsidian and Lithic Analyses The Ob
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Throne Units Test Units Offerings I
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inhabitants from other sites, or in
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Figure 5.50. Examples of stones tho
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Figure 5.51. El Marquesillo throne
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accomplished through violent blows
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Figure 5.56. Close-up of the figure
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Figure 5.58. Illustration of magnet
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Modifications to this pattern occur
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class occurred only in the presence
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appearance of ceramics occurred dur
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series of interrelated residential,
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The Early Formative period appearan
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Evidence of these constructions is
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and the excavated pit is not known,
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For the Gulf Olmec, monumental exhi
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precisely. This method would also m
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An earlier discussion suggested sty
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approximately 100 cm to 120 cm belo
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Nevertheless, the structural design
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discussion about the antiquity of t
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6.3). At La Venta equivalent basalt
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shamanistic ritual and rulership (F
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elevation provides an excellent ove
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further support to the idea that El
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Also contributing to the ceramic pr
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Another possible basalt deposition
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off is dramatic to say the least. T
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direction, a series of hills approx
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Finally, the selection and investig
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a metaphor for the movements of the
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plaza complex is also oriented to p
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the traditional communal ideology.
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where new diagnostic ceramic types
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Understanding of the early Postclas
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ceramics probably arrived at the en
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investigation before the direction
Page 327 and 328: Marquesillo, past and present. Fitt
Page 329 and 330: Through the integration of a sequen
Page 331 and 332: experienced an upward trend in popu
Page 333 and 334: prehispanic occupation would have b
Page 335 and 336: Assmann (2006) argues that prehisto
Page 337 and 338: 1997:288). These changes in residen
Page 339 and 340: structures that could provide long-
Page 341 and 342: Analysis of these three components
Page 343 and 344: Early architectural units, specific
Page 345 and 346: activities and that these activitie
Page 347 and 348: political structure. Was it an inde
Page 349 and 350: subordinate to a nearby primary cen
Page 351 and 352: Explanation of Spatial Organization
Page 353 and 354: conjunction with other forms of arc
Page 355 and 356: Mesoamerican worldviews (Vogt 1981:
Page 357 and 358: Expanding the Boundaries and a Look
Page 359 and 360: to illustrate their power and wealt
Page 361 and 362: emains is striking. This disproport
Page 363 and 364: the earliest detectable occupation
Page 365 and 366: and Uxpanapa River Basins, I wonder
Page 367 and 368: Arnaiz-Villena, A., G. Vargas-Alarc
Page 369 and 370: Bassie, K. 2006 The Fire and Water
Page 371 and 372: Blake, M. and J. E. Clark 1999 The
Page 373 and 374: Butler, R. F. 1992 Paleomagnetism:
Page 375 and 376: 2001 Gulf Lowlands: South Region. I
Page 377: Coe, M. D., D. Snow and E. Benson 1
Page 381 and 382: 2003 Analysis of Formative Period O
Page 383 and 384: Elachi, C. 1987 Introduction to the
Page 385 and 386: Foster, G. M. 1940 Notes on the Pop
Page 387 and 388: 2001 La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. In
Page 389 and 390: Halbwachs, M. 1992 On Collective Me
Page 391 and 392: Hester, T. R., H. J. Shafer and K.
Page 393 and 394: Johnston, K. J. and N. Gonlin 1998
Page 395 and 396: Kruger, R. P. 1996 An Archaeologica
Page 397 and 398: Madry, S. L. H. 1987 A Multiscalar
Page 399 and 400: Middleton, W. D. 2004 Identifying C
Page 401 and 402: Ortíz, P. 1975 La Ceramica de los
Page 403 and 404: Plog, S. 1990 Agriculture, Sedentis
Page 405 and 406: Rapoport, A. 1990 History and Prece
Page 407 and 408: Rueda, H. G. 1989 Nuevas Exploracio
Page 409 and 410: Santley, R. S., S. A. Nelson, B. K.
Page 411 and 412: 1989 Olmec Studies: A Status Report
Page 413 and 414: Stark, B. L. and P. J. Arnold 1997
Page 415 and 416: Tarling, D. H. 1983 Geomagnetism. C
Page 417 and 418: Tykot, R. H. 2004 Stable Isotopes a
Page 419 and 420: Wallerstein, I. 1974 The Modern Wor
Page 421 and 422: 2003 The Role of Kinship and Demogr
Page 423 and 424: Appendix 1a. Ceramic Analysis: Type
Page 425 and 426: Appendix 1b. Ceramic Analysis: Type
Page 427 and 428: Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
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Appendix 2. Ceramic Types and Count
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Appendix 2 Ceramic Types and Counts
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Appendix 3a. Obsidian from Test Uni
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Appendix 3b. Obsidian from Throne E
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Appendix 4a. Lithics from Surface C
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Appendix 4b. Lithics from River Cut
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5a. Soil Survey I Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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Appendix 5b. Soil Survey II Element
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About the Author Travis F. Doering
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